MariaDB 10.6

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create table table_1 ( id serial primary key, x int);
insert into table_1 (x) select 0 from dual;
insert into table_1 (x) select 0 from table_1;
insert into table_1 (x) select 0 from table_1;
insert into table_1 (x) select 0 from table_1;
insert into table_1 (x) select 0 from table_1;
insert into table_1 (x) select 0 from table_1;
insert into table_1 (x) select 0 from table_1;
insert into table_1 (x) select 0 from table_1;
insert into table_1 (x) select 0 from table_1;
insert into table_1 (x) select 0 from table_1;

Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

Records: 8  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

Records: 16  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

Records: 32  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

Records: 64  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

Records: 128  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

Records: 256  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

select count(*) from table_1;

count(*)

512

delete t1 from table_1 as t1
left join (select id from table_1 order by rand() limit 200) as t2
using (id)
where t2.id is null;
select count(*) from table_1;

count(*)

200