SQL Server 2017

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drop table if exists #temp2

CREATE TABLE #temp2
(
    [FirstDayOfMonth] [date] NOT NULL,
    [OccupancyID] [int] NULL,
    [CustomerVoice_RepairsSatisfactionFeedbackID] [int] NULL,
    [RowNumber] [bigint] NULL
);
INSERT #temp2 ([FirstDayOfMonth], [OccupancyID], [CustomerVoice_RepairsSatisfactionFeedbackID], [RowNumber]) VALUES (CAST(N'2023-10-01' AS Date), 3313, NULL, 1)
INSERT #temp2 ([FirstDayOfMonth], [OccupancyID], [CustomerVoice_RepairsSatisfactionFeedbackID], [RowNumber]) VALUES (CAST(N'2023-11-01' AS Date), 3313, 150015, 2)
INSERT #temp2 ([FirstDayOfMonth], [OccupancyID], [CustomerVoice_RepairsSatisfactionFeedbackID], [RowNumber]) VALUES (CAST(N'2023-12-01' AS Date), 3313, NULL, 3)
INSERT #temp2 ([FirstDayOfMonth], [OccupancyID], [CustomerVoice_RepairsSatisfactionFeedbackID], [RowNumber]) VALUES (CAST(N'2024-01-01' AS Date), 3313, 100812, 4)
INSERT #temp2 ([FirstDayOfMonth], [OccupancyID], [CustomerVoice_RepairsSatisfactionFeedbackID], [RowNumber]) VALUES (CAST(N'2024-02-01' AS Date), 3313, NULL, 5)
INSERT #temp2 ([FirstDayOfMonth], [OccupancyID], [CustomerVoice_RepairsSatisfactionFeedbackID], [RowNumber]) VALUES (CAST(N'2024-03-01' AS Date), 3313, NULL, 6)
INSERT #temp2 ([FirstDayOfMonth], [OccupancyID], [CustomerVoice_RepairsSatisfactionFeedbackID], [RowNumber]) VALUES (CAST(N'2023-10-01' AS Date), 182, NULL, 1)
INSERT #temp2 ([FirstDayOfMonth], [OccupancyID], [CustomerVoice_RepairsSatisfactionFeedbackID], [RowNumber]) VALUES (CAST(N'2023-11-01' AS Date), 182, 100571, 2)
INSERT #temp2 ([FirstDayOfMonth], [OccupancyID], [CustomerVoice_RepairsSatisfactionFeedbackID], [RowNumber]) VALUES (CAST(N'2023-12-01' AS Date), 182, NULL, 3)
INSERT #temp2 ([FirstDayOfMonth], [OccupancyID], [CustomerVoice_RepairsSatisfactionFeedbackID], [RowNumber]) VALUES (CAST(N'2024-01-01' AS Date), 182, NULL, 4)
INSERT #temp2 ([FirstDayOfMonth], [OccupancyID], [CustomerVoice_RepairsSatisfactionFeedbackID], [RowNumber]) VALUES (CAST(N'2024-02-01' AS Date), 182, NULL, 5)
INSERT #temp2 ([FirstDayOfMonth], [OccupancyID], [CustomerVoice_RepairsSatisfactionFeedbackID], [RowNumber]) VALUES (CAST(N'2024-03-01' AS Date), 182, NULL, 6)

select [FirstDayOfMonth], [OccupancyID], [CustomerVoice_RepairsSatisfactionFeedbackID],
     max(prev) over(partition by [OccupancyID], grp) [PreviousNonNULLCustomerVoice_RepairsSatisfactionFeedbackID]
  from (
   select *, sum(d) over(partition by [OccupancyID] order by [FirstDayOfMonth]) grp
   from (
      select *,
         case when lag([CustomerVoice_RepairsSatisfactionFeedbackID]) over(partition by [OccupancyID] order by [FirstDayOfMonth]) is null then 0 else 1 end d,
         lag([CustomerVoice_RepairsSatisfactionFeedbackID]) over(partition by [OccupancyID] order by [FirstDayOfMonth]) prev
      from #temp2
   ) t
) t
order by [OccupancyID], [FirstDayOfMonth]

FirstDayOfMonth	OccupancyID	CustomerVoice_RepairsSatisfactionFeedbackID	PreviousNonNULLCustomerVoice_RepairsSatisfactionFeedbackID
2023-10-01	182	null	null
2023-11-01	182	100571	null
2023-12-01	182	null	100571
2024-01-01	182	null	100571
2024-02-01	182	null	100571
2024-03-01	182	null	100571
2023-10-01	3313	null	null
2023-11-01	3313	150015	null
2023-12-01	3313	null	150015
2024-01-01	3313	100812	150015
2024-02-01	3313	null	100812
2024-03-01	3313	null	100812

Warning: Null value is eliminated by an aggregate or other SET operation.