SQL Server 2022

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CREATE TABLE factor_daily (
    unit varchar(2),
    factor int,
    effdate date
);

INSERT INTO factor_daily VALUES ('A', 1, '2024-01-02');
INSERT INTO factor_daily VALUES ('A', 1, '2024-01-03');
INSERT INTO factor_daily VALUES ('A', 1, '2024-01-04');
INSERT INTO factor_daily VALUES ('A', 1, '2024-01-05');
INSERT INTO factor_daily VALUES ('A', 1, '2024-01-08');
INSERT INTO factor_daily VALUES ('A', 1, '2024-01-09');
INSERT INTO factor_daily VALUES ('A', 1, '2024-01-10');
INSERT INTO factor_daily VALUES ('A', 5, '2024-01-11');
INSERT INTO factor_daily VALUES ('A', 5, '2024-01-12');
INSERT INTO factor_daily VALUES ('A', 5, '2024-01-16');
INSERT INTO factor_daily VALUES ('A', 5, '2024-01-17');
INSERT INTO factor_daily VALUES ('A', 5, '2024-01-18');
INSERT INTO factor_daily VALUES ('A', 5, '2024-01-19');
INSERT INTO factor_daily VALUES ('A', 5, '2024-01-22');
INSERT INTO factor_daily VALUES ('A', 5, '2024-01-23');
INSERT INTO factor_daily VALUES ('A', 5, '2024-01-24');
INSERT INTO factor_daily VALUES ('A', 5, '2024-01-25');
INSERT INTO factor_daily VALUES ('A', 5, '2024-01-26');
INSERT INTO factor_daily VALUES ('A', 10, '2024-01-29');
INSERT INTO factor_daily VALUES ('A', 10, '2024-01-30');
INSERT INTO factor_daily VALUES ('A', 10, '2024-01-31');
INSERT INTO factor_daily VALUES ('A', 10, '2024-02-01');
INSERT INTO factor_daily VALUES ('A', 10, '2024-02-02');

SELECT * FROM factor_daily

--CREATE TABLE factor_wk AS
SELECT *, datepart(week, effdate) AS dt_wk
  INTO #factor_wk
FROM factor_daily
;

SELECT * FROM #factor_wk

SELECT *,
        CASE WHEN (factor_min_wk <> factor_max_wk) THEN 1
             WHEN least(lag_factor_min_wk, lag_factor_max_wk) <> least(factor_min_wk, factor_max_wk)  THEN 1          
             ELSE 0 END AS delta
INTO #delta_factor_wkly   
FROM
(
    SELECT  *,
            lag(factor_min_wk) OVER (PARTITION BY unit ORDER BY dt_wk) AS lag_factor_min_wk,
            lag(factor_max_wk) OVER (PARTITION BY unit ORDER BY dt_wk) AS lag_factor_max_wk
    FROM
    (
        SELECT  unit, dt_wk,
                min(factor) AS factor_min_wk,
                max(factor) AS factor_max_wk
        FROM
            #factor_wk
        GROUP BY unit, dt_wk
    ) b
) c
;

SELECT * FROM #delta_factor_wkly

unit	factor	effdate
A	1	2024-01-02
A	1	2024-01-03
A	1	2024-01-04
A	1	2024-01-05
A	1	2024-01-08
A	1	2024-01-09
A	1	2024-01-10
A	5	2024-01-11
A	5	2024-01-12
A	5	2024-01-16
A	5	2024-01-17
A	5	2024-01-18
A	5	2024-01-19
A	5	2024-01-22
A	5	2024-01-23
A	5	2024-01-24
A	5	2024-01-25
A	5	2024-01-26
A	10	2024-01-29
A	10	2024-01-30
A	10	2024-01-31
A	10	2024-02-01
A	10	2024-02-02

unit	factor	effdate	dt_wk
A	1	2024-01-02	1
A	1	2024-01-03	1
A	1	2024-01-04	1
A	1	2024-01-05	1
A	1	2024-01-08	2
A	1	2024-01-09	2
A	1	2024-01-10	2
A	5	2024-01-11	2
A	5	2024-01-12	2
A	5	2024-01-16	3
A	5	2024-01-17	3
A	5	2024-01-18	3
A	5	2024-01-19	3
A	5	2024-01-22	4
A	5	2024-01-23	4
A	5	2024-01-24	4
A	5	2024-01-25	4
A	5	2024-01-26	4
A	10	2024-01-29	5
A	10	2024-01-30	5
A	10	2024-01-31	5
A	10	2024-02-01	5
A	10	2024-02-02	5

unit	dt_wk	factor_min_wk	factor_max_wk	lag_factor_min_wk	lag_factor_max_wk	delta
A	1	1	1	null	null	0
A	2	1	5	1	1	1
A	3	5	5	1	5	1
A	4	5	5	5	5	0
A	5	10	10	5	5	1