SQL Server 2022

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create table us_death
( state    char(2)
, year     smallint
, metric   integer
);

insert into us_death values
('CA', 1999, 150), ('CA', 2000, 200), ('CA', 2001, 100),
('WS', 1999,  50),                    ('WS', 2001, 200),
('OH', 1999,  40), ('OH', 2000,  50), ('OH', 2001,  40);
8 rows affected

  select state
       , sum(case when year=1999 then metric else null end) as Y1999
       , sum(case when year=2000 then metric else null end) as Y2000
       , sum(case when year=2001 then metric else null end) as Y2001
    from us_death
   where year between 1999 and 2001
group by state
order by state asc;


state
Y1999
Y2000
Y2001


CA
150
200
100

OH
40
50
40

WS
50
null
200


Warning: Null value is eliminated by an aggregate or other SET operation.


  select state
       , sum(case when year=1999 then metric else 0 end) as Y1999
       , sum(case when year=2000 then metric else 0 end) as Y2000
       , sum(case when year=2001 then metric else 0 end) as Y2001
    from us_death
   where year between 1999 and 2001
group by state
order by state asc;


state
Y1999
Y2000
Y2001


CA
150
200
100

OH
40
50
40

WS
50
0
200