SQL Server 2022

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create table t (
    nr varchar(10),
    date_from date,
    date_to date
);
insert into t (nr, date_from, date_to) values
('xxxxxx', '2023-01-01', '2023-05-31'),
('yyyyyy', '2023-03-01', '2023-10-31'),
('qqqqqq', '2023-08-01', '2023-12-31');
3 rows affected

select *
     , case when '2023-01-01' between date_from and date_to then 1 else 0 end as [2023-01]
     , case when '2023-02-01' between date_from and date_to then 1 else 0 end as [2023-02]
     , case when '2023-03-01' between date_from and date_to then 1 else 0 end as [2023-03]
from t;


nr
date_from
date_to
2023-01
2023-02
2023-03


xxxxxx
2023-01-01
2023-05-31
1
1
1

yyyyyy
2023-03-01
2023-10-31
0
0
1

qqqqqq
2023-08-01
2023-12-31
0
0
0


select *
     , case when date_to >= '2023-01-01' AND date_from <= eomonth('2023-01-01') then 1 else 0 end as [2023-01]
     , case when date_to >= '2023-02-01' AND date_from <= eomonth('2023-02-01') then 1 else 0 end as [2023-02]
     , case when date_to >= '2023-03-01' AND date_from <= eomonth('2023-03-01') then 1 else 0 end as [2023-03]
from t;


nr
date_from
date_to
2023-01
2023-02
2023-03


xxxxxx
2023-01-01
2023-05-31
1
1
1

yyyyyy
2023-03-01
2023-10-31
0
0
1

qqqqqq
2023-08-01
2023-12-31
0
0
0

nr	date_from	date_to	2023-01	2023-02	2023-03
xxxxxx	2023-01-01	2023-05-31	1	1	1
yyyyyy	2023-03-01	2023-10-31	0	0	1
qqqqqq	2023-08-01	2023-12-31	0	0	0