Postgres 15

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CREATE TABLE ping (ping_id integer, the_date date);

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION trg_ping_partition()
  RETURNS trigger
  LANGUAGE plpgsql SET client_min_messages = 'WARNING' AS
$func$
DECLARE
   _schema text := 'public';  -- double-quoted if necessary
   _tbl text := to_char(NEW.the_date, '"ping_"YYYY_DDD_') || NEW.ping_id;
BEGIN
   EXECUTE format('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS %1$s.%2$s
                   (CHECK (the_date >= %3$L
                       AND the_date <  %4$L)) INHERITS (%1$s.ping)'
           , _schema   -- %1$s
           , _tbl      -- %2$s
           , to_char(NEW.the_date,     'YYYY-MM-DD')  -- %3$L
           , to_char(NEW.the_date + 1, 'YYYY-MM-DD')  -- %4$L
           );

   EXECUTE 'INSERT INTO ' || _tbl || ' VALUES ($1.*)'
   USING NEW; 

   RETURN NULL;
END
$func$;

CREATE TRIGGER insbef
BEFORE INSERT ON ping
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION trg_ping_partition();

CREATE TABLE

CREATE FUNCTION

CREATE TRIGGER

INSERT INTO ping VALUES (1, '2023-02-14');
INSERT INTO ping VALUES (2, '2023-02-14');
INSERT INTO ping VALUES (2, '2023-02-15');
INSERT INTO ping VALUES (2, '2023-02-15');

INSERT 0 0

INSERT 0 0

INSERT 0 0

INSERT 0 0

SELECT * FROM ping;
SELECT * FROM ping_2023_045_1;

ping_id
the_date

1
2023-02-14

2
2023-02-14

2
2023-02-15

2
2023-02-15

SELECT 4

ping_id
the_date

1
2023-02-14

SELECT 1