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Help with an interesting Postgres question: Why isn't an Index Only Scan used on a partition accessed via the parent table?.
SELECT ST_DistanceSphere('POINT(0 0)'::geometry,
'POINT(180 0)'::geometry) -- half_the_circumference
/pi() -- 2*pi*r is the circumference, so half the circumference/pi is the radius
AS PostgreSQL_assumed_radius;
postgresql_assumed_radius
6371008.771415061
SELECT 1
SELECT ST_DistanceSphere(ST_SetSRID('POINT(0 0)'::geometry,4326),
ST_SetSRID('POINT(180 0)'::geometry,4326)) -- half_the_circumference
/pi() -- 2*pi*r is the circumference, so half the circumference/pi is the radius
AS PostgreSQL_assumed_radius_for_4326;
postgresql_assumed_radius_for_4326
6371008.771415061
SELECT 1
SELECT ST_DistanceSphere(
st_geomfromtext('POINT(0 -90)'),
st_geomfromtext('POINT(0 90)')
) AS latitudinal_distance_pole_to_pole;

SELECT ST_DistanceSphere(
st_geomfromtext('POINT(0 0)'),
st_geomfromtext('POINT(180 0)')
) AS longitudinal_around_half_the_globe;
latitudinal_distance_pole_to_pole
20015114.35223369
SELECT 1
longitudinal_around_half_the_globe
20015114.35223369
SELECT 1
SELECT ST_DistanceSphere(
st_geomfromtext('POINT(-74.0060 40.7128)'), -- New York
st_geomfromtext('POINT(-118.2437 34.0522)') -- Los Angeles
) AS distance;
distance
3935751.67323537
SELECT 1
SELECT ST_DistanceSphere(
st_setsrid(st_geomfromtext('POINT(-74.0060 40.7128)'),4326), -- New York
st_setsrid(st_geomfromtext('POINT(-118.2437 34.0522)'),4326) -- Los Angeles
) AS distance;
distance
3935751.67323537
SELECT 1
SELECT ST_DistanceSphere(
st_geomfromtext('POINT(-74.0060 40.7128)'), -- New York
st_geomfromtext('POINT(-118.2437 34.0522)'), -- Los Angeles
6378100 --custom radius, conforming to MongoDB's config
) AS distance;
distance
3940132.347594769
SELECT 1
select * from spatial_ref_sys where srid=4326;--6378137
srid auth_name auth_srid srtext proj4text
4326 EPSG 4326 GEOGCS["WGS 84",DATUM["WGS_1984",SPHEROID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326"]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901"]],UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433,AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]] +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs
SELECT 1