MySQL 8.0

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select version();


version()


8.0.30


CREATE TABLE esf (
  datum VARCHAR(20),
  esf_id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY);

INSERT INTO esf(datum) VALUES
   ('01.01.2023'),
   ('02.01.2023'),
   ('03.01.2023'),
   ('32.01.2023');

Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0


select datum,
CAST(STR_TO_DATE(datum, '%d.%M.%Y') AS DATE) 
FROM esf;


datum
CAST(STR_TO_DATE(datum, '%d.%M.%Y') AS DATE)


01.01.2023
null

02.01.2023
null

03.01.2023
null

32.01.2023
null


select datum,
CAST(STR_TO_DATE(datum, '%d.%m.%Y') AS DATE) 
FROM esf;


datum
CAST(STR_TO_DATE(datum, '%d.%m.%Y') AS DATE)


01.01.2023
2023-01-01

02.01.2023
2023-01-02

03.01.2023
2023-01-03

32.01.2023
null


SELECt *
FROM (
   SELECT
      LEFT(datum,2) as D,
      MID(datum,4,2) as M,
      RIGHT(RTRIM(datum),4) as Y
   FROM esf
  ) x
WHERE d<1 or d>31 or m<1 or m>12 or y<1970 or y>2023;


D
M
Y


32
01
2023

datum	CAST(STR_TO_DATE(datum, '%d.%M.%Y') AS DATE)
01.01.2023	null
02.01.2023	null
03.01.2023	null
32.01.2023	null

datum	CAST(STR_TO_DATE(datum, '%d.%m.%Y') AS DATE)
01.01.2023	2023-01-01
02.01.2023	2023-01-02
03.01.2023	2023-01-03
32.01.2023	null