SQL Server 2022

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CREATE TABLE mytable (
  version_id varchar(10)
);

insert into mytable values
('10.1.'),
('10.10.'), 
('10.11.'),
('10.12.'),
('10.2.'),
('10.3.'), 
('10.4.'), 
('10.5.'), 
('10.6.'), 
('10.7.'), 
('10.8.'), 
('10.9.'),
('20.2.');
13 rows affected

select *
from mytable
order by CAST(REPLACE(version_id, '.', '') AS INT)


version_id


10.1.

10.2.

10.3.

10.4.

10.5.

10.6.

10.7.

10.8.

10.9.

20.2.

10.10.

10.11.

10.12.


select *
from mytable
order by CAST(REPLACE(version_id, '.', '') + REPLICATE('0', 5-LEN(REPLACE(version_id, '.', ''))) AS INT)


version_id


10.1.

10.10.

10.11.

10.12.

10.2.

10.3.

10.4.

10.5.

10.6.

10.7.

10.8.

10.9.

20.2.