SQL Server 2022

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CREATE TABLE data_2015 ( id INT, year INT, col_1 INT, col_2 INT );

INSERT INTO data_2015 (id, year, col_1, col_2) 
  VALUES 
    (1, 2015, 10,   20)
  , (2, 2015, 30,   40), (3, 2015, 50,   60), (4,  2015, 70,  80)
  , (5, 2015, 90,  100), (6, 2015, 110, 120), (7,  2015, 130, 140)
  , (8, 2015, 150, 160), (9, 2015, 170, 180)
  , (10, 2015, 190, 200);
10 rows affected

CREATE TABLE data_2016 ( id INT, year INT, col_1 INT, col_2 INT );

INSERT INTO data_2016 (id, year, col_1, col_2) 
  VALUES 
    (1,  2016, 10,   20)
  , (21, 2016, 30,   40), (31, 2016, 50,   60), (41,  2016, 70,  80)
  , (51, 2016, 90,  100), (61, 2016, 110, 120), (71,  2016, 130, 140)
  , (81, 2016, 150, 160), (91, 2016, 170, 180)
  , (10, 2017, 190, 200);
10 rows affected

CREATE TABLE data_2017 ( id INT, year INT, col_1 INT, col_2 INT );

INSERT INTO data_2017 (id, year, col_1, col_2) 
  VALUES 
    (1,  2017, 10,   20)
  , (22, 2017, 30,   40), (32, 2017, 50,   60), (42,  2017, 70,  80)
  , (52, 2017, 90,  100), (62, 2017, 110, 120), (72,  2017, 130, 140)
  , (82, 2017, 150, 160), (92, 2017, 170, 180)
  , (10, 2018, 190, 200);
10 rows affected

SELECT id, col_1, col_2
FROM data_2015 d
WHERE d.year = 2015
    AND (
        EXISTS (
            SELECT NULL
            FROM data_2016 d2016
            WHERE d.id = d2016.id
            )
        OR EXISTS (
            SELECT NULL
            FROM data_2017 d2017
            WHERE d.id = d2017.id
            )
    -- OR EXISTS (....) -- one per needed year
        )


id
col_1
col_2


1
10
20

10
190
200


SELECT id, col_1, col_2
FROM data_2015 d
WHERE d.year = 2015
    AND (
        EXISTS (
            SELECT NULL
            FROM data_2016 d2016
            WHERE d.id = d2016.id
                AND d2016.year >= 2016 -- nb: this line might be redundant
            )
        OR EXISTS (
            SELECT NULL
            FROM data_2017 d2017
            WHERE d.id = d2017.id
                AND d2017.year >= 2017 -- nb: this line might be redundant
            )
    -- OR EXISTS (....) -- one per needed year
        )


id
col_1
col_2


1
10
20

10
190
200