SQL Server 2022

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Create table Test(
  PP varchar(max)
);
insert into Test
values('{"start":"1","end":"13"}')
,('{"start":"1","end":"7"}')
,('{"start":"1","end":"200"}')
3 rows affected

create function Prime(@Start int ,@End int )
returns varchar(max)
begin
	declare @i int,@j int,@r int
	declare @Str varchar(max)
	set @Str = '['
	set @i=@Start
	while @i<@End
	begin
		set @j=1
		set @r=1
		while @j<@i
		begin
			if @i%@j=0 and @i<>@j and @j<>1
			begin
				set @r=0
				break
			end
			set @j=@j+1
		end

		if @r=1 
		set @Str = @Str + ' ' + Convert(varchar,@i)

		set @i=@i+1
	end
	set @Str = @Str + ' ]'
	return @Str
end
select PP
,dbo.Prime(json_value(PP,'$.start'),json_value(PP,'$.end')) 
from Test


PP
(No column name)


{"start":"1","end":"13"}
[ 1 2 3 5 7 11 ]

{"start":"1","end":"7"}
[ 1 2 3 5 ]

{"start":"1","end":"200"}
[ 1 2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 29 31 37 41 43 47 53 59 61 67 71 73 79 83 89 97 101 103 107 109 113 127 131 137 139 149 151 157 163 167 173 179 181 191 193 197 199 ]

PP	(No column name)
{"start":"1","end":"13"}	[ 1 2 3 5 7 11 ]
{"start":"1","end":"7"}	[ 1 2 3 5 ]
{"start":"1","end":"200"}	[ 1 2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 29 31 37 41 43 47 53 59 61 67 71 73 79 83 89 97 101 103 107 109 113 127 131 137 139 149 151 157 163 167 173 179 181 191 193 197 199 ]