SQL Server 2022

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CREATE TABLE dbo.YourTable (YourColumn varchar(6));

INSERT INTO dbo.YourTable (YourColumn)
VALUES('ABC123'),('ABC023'),('ABC124'),('ABC125'),('ACB132');
5 rows affected

DECLARE @YourString varchar(6) = 'ABC123';

SELECT YT.YourColumn
FROM dbo.YourTable YT
WHERE EXISTS(SELECT 1
             FROM GENERATE_SERIES(1,LEN(@YourString)) GS
             WHERE YT.YourColumn LIKE STUFF(@YourString,GS.value,1,'_'));

YourColumn

ABC123

ABC023

ABC124

ABC125

DROP TABLE dbo.YourTable;