Oracle 21c

By using db<>fiddle, you agree to license everything you submit by Creative Commons CC0.

with test_data (main_string, expected_output) as (
    select 'ABCD-012345-EFG-10vXRI47HU-1',   '10vXRI47HU'from dual union all
    select 'ABCD-012345-EFG-10zSD0U/2',       '10zSD0U'from dual union all
    select 'ABCD-012345-EFG-10ZsE8h -1',      '10ZsE8h'from dual union all
    select 'ABCD-012345-EFG- 10zSe9K ',       '10zSe9K'from dual union all
    select 'ABCD-012345-EFG-.10zSe9K',        '10zSe9K'from dual union all
    select 'ABCD-012345-EFG-10zSe9K_2',       '10zSe9K'from dual union all
    select 'ABCD-012345-EFG-10zSe9K.',        '10zSe9K'from dual union all
    select 'ABCD-012345--EFG-10zSe9K',        '10zSe9K'from dual union all
    select 'ABCD-012345-EFG-10zSe9K-',        '10zSe9K'from dual union all
    select 'ABCD-012345-EFG-10zSe9K-//1/23h', '10zSe9K'from dual union all
    select 'ABCD-EFGH-HIJK-012345-10zSe9K',   '10zSe9K'from dual
)
select main_string
     , expected_output
     , regexp_replace(regexp_replace(main_string,'^(([A-Z]+[ -.]+)|([0-9]+[ -.]+))+'),'(\W|_).*$') as regex_output
from   test_data;

MAIN_STRING	EXPECTED_OUTPUT	REGEX_OUTPUT
ABCD-012345-EFG-10vXRI47HU-1	10vXRI47HU	10vXRI47HU
ABCD-012345-EFG-10zSD0U/2	10zSD0U	10zSD0U
ABCD-012345-EFG-10ZsE8h -1	10ZsE8h	10ZsE8h
ABCD-012345-EFG- 10zSe9K	10zSe9K	10zSe9K
ABCD-012345-EFG-.10zSe9K	10zSe9K	10zSe9K
ABCD-012345-EFG-10zSe9K_2	10zSe9K	10zSe9K
ABCD-012345-EFG-10zSe9K.	10zSe9K	10zSe9K
ABCD-012345--EFG-10zSe9K	10zSe9K	10zSe9K
ABCD-012345-EFG-10zSe9K-	10zSe9K	10zSe9K
ABCD-012345-EFG-10zSe9K-//1/23h	10zSe9K	10zSe9K
ABCD-EFGH-HIJK-012345-10zSe9K	10zSe9K	10zSe9K