Oracle 23c

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create table a_table
(
    id int,
    col1 varchar(255),
    col2 varchar(255),
    col3 varchar(255),
    col4 varchar(255)
);
insert into a_table values
    (1,'aaa','bbb','ZZZ', 'ddd'),
    (2,'aaa','XXX','ccc', 'YYY'),
    (3,'UUU','bbb','VVV', 'ddd');
3 rows affected

WITH orig_data_query AS 
(
    SELECT id, col1, col2, col3, col4
    FROM a_table
    WHERE id IN (1,2)
),
pivot_query AS 
(
    SELECT id, val, col
    FROM orig_data_query
    UNPIVOT
    (
        val FOR col IN (col1, col2, col3, col4)
    )
)
SELECT col, MIN(VAL) AS val1, MAX(val) AS val2
FROM pivot_query
GROUP BY  col
HAVING MIN(val) <> MAX(val);


COL
VAL1
VAL2


COL2
XXX
bbb

COL3
ZZZ
ccc

COL4
YYY
ddd