SQLite 3.39

By using db<>fiddle, you agree to license everything you submit by Creative Commons CC0.

with tbl(ID, Fromdate, Todate) as (
  -- sample data
  select 1, julianday('2023-04-02'), julianday('2023-04-07') union all
  select 2, julianday('2023-04-05'), julianday('2023-04-06') union all
  select 3, julianday('2023-04-09'), julianday('2023-04-11') union all
  select 2, julianday('2023-04-09'), julianday('2023-04-16') 
),
params (ds, de) as (
  select julianday('2023-04-02'), julianday('2023-04-30')
), 
leftintvls as (
  select id,  
    (select max(t2.Todate)+1  
     from tbl t2 
     where t2.id = t.id and t2.Todate < t.Fromdate ) ms, Fromdate-1 me
  from tbl t
  join params p on t.Fromdate <= p.de and p.ds <= t.Todate and t.Fromdate > p.ds
),
rightintvls as (
  select id, Todate+1 ms,  
    (select min(t2.Fromdate) - 1  
     from tbl t2 
     where t2.id = t.id and t2.Fromdate > t.Todate ) me
  from tbl t
  join params p on t.Fromdate <= p.de and p.ds <= t.Todate and t.Todate < p.de  
)
select id, date(ifnull(ms, p.ds)) fromd, date(me) tod
from leftintvls
cross join params p
where ifnull(ms, p.ds) <= me
  
union 
  
select id, date(ms),  date(ifnull(me, p.de))
from rightintvls
cross join params p
where ms <= ifnull(me, p.de)
order by id, fromd

id	fromd	tod
1	2023-04-08	2023-04-30
2	2023-04-02	2023-04-04
2	2023-04-07	2023-04-08
2	2023-04-17	2023-04-30
3	2023-04-02	2023-04-08
3	2023-04-12	2023-04-30