Oracle 23c

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ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS';
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT = 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF';
CREATE TABLE departments(  department_id, department_name) AS
SELECT 1, 'IT' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2, 'Sales' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 3, 'Marketing' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 4, 'Finance' FROM DUAL;
4 rows affected

CREATE TABLE employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name, hire_date, salary,  department_id) AS
SELECT 1, 'Lisa', 'Saladino', DATE '2001-04-03', 160000, 1 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2, 'Sandy', 'Herring', DATE '2011-08-04', 150200, 1 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 3, 'Ben', 'Cooper', DATE '2019-03-05', 60700, 1 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 4, 'Carol', 'Orr', DATE '2007-11-11', 70125,1 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 5, 'Vicky', 'Palazzo', DATE '2004-09-17', 68525,2 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 6, 'Cheryl', 'Ford', DATE '2020-05-10', 110000,1 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 7, 'Leslee', 'Altman', DATE '2008-12-10', 110000, 1 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 8, 'Jill', 'Coralnick', DATE '2001-04-11', 190000, 2 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 9, 'Faith', 'Aaron', DATE '2001-04-17', 122000,2 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 10, 'Debra', 'Dante', DATE '2022-10-16', 102150,4 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 11, 'Jerry', 'Torchiano', DATE '2022-10-30', 112660,4 FROM DUAL;
11 rows affected

SELECT d.department_id, 
       MAX(d.department_name) AS department_name,
       COALESCE(floor(AVG(salary)), 0) AS department_avg
FROM   departments d
       LEFT OUTER JOIN employees e
       ON (e.department_id = d.department_id)
GROUP BY d.department_id
ORDER BY department_avg DESC


DEPARTMENT_ID
DEPARTMENT_NAME
DEPARTMENT_AVG


2
Sales
126841

1
IT
110170

4
Finance
107405

3
Marketing
0


SELECT d.department_id, 
       MAX(d.department_name) AS department_name,
       COALESCE(floor(AVG(salary)), 0) AS department_avg
FROM   departments d
       LEFT OUTER JOIN employees e
       ON (e.department_id = d.department_id)
GROUP BY d.department_id
ORDER BY department_avg DESC
OFFSET 1 ROW FETCH NEXT 1 ROW ONLY;


DEPARTMENT_ID
DEPARTMENT_NAME
DEPARTMENT_AVG


1
IT
110170


SELECT department_id,
       department_name,
       department_avg
FROM   (
  SELECT d.department_id, 
         MAX(d.department_name) AS department_name,
         COALESCE(floor(AVG(salary)), 0) AS department_avg,
         DENSE_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY COALESCE(floor(AVG(salary)), 0) DESC) AS rnk
  FROM   departments d
         LEFT OUTER JOIN employees e
         ON (e.department_id = d.department_id)
  GROUP BY d.department_id
)
WHERE  rnk = 2;


DEPARTMENT_ID
DEPARTMENT_NAME
DEPARTMENT_AVG


1
IT
110170