SQL Server 2025

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select @@version;


(No column name)


Microsoft SQL Server 2025 (RTM-CU8) (KB5104822) - 17.0.4075.5 (X64) 
	Jul 22 2026 00:20:30 
	Copyright (C) 2025 Microsoft Corporation
	Express Edition (64-bit) on Linux (Ubuntu 22.04.5 LTS) <X64>


create table customer (id int primary key, name varchar(10) not null);
create table product (id int primary key, name varchar(10) not null, price decimal(6,2) not null);
create table orders (id int primary key, customer_id int not null references customer, ordered_on date not null);
create table order_line (order_id int references orders, product_id int references product, qty int not null, primary key (order_id, product_id));
insert customer values (1,'ann'), (2,'bob'), (3,'cat');
insert product values (1,'widget',2.50), (2,'gadget',7.00), (3,'gizmo',12.00);
insert orders select value, 1+value%3, dateadd(day, value*7, '2026-01-01') from generate_series(0,51);
insert order_line select o.id, p.id, 1+(o.id*p.id)%5 from orders o cross join product p where (o.id+p.id)%2=0 or p.id=1;

162 rows affected


-- new in 2025: regular expressions
select regexp_replace('2026-10-02', '(\d+)-(\d+)-(\d+)', '\3/\2/\1') as uk_date
     , regexp_count('a1b22c333', '\d+') as numbers
     , iif(regexp_like('ann@example.com', '^[^@\s]+@[^@\s]+$'), 'valid', 'invalid') as email;


uk_date
numbers
email


02/10/2026
3
valid


# python demo
import pyodbc
c = pyodbc.connect("DSN=fiddle;UID=sa;PWD=fiddle")
sql = """select c.name, sum(l.qty * p.price)
         from customer c join orders o on o.customer_id = c.id join order_line l on l.order_id = o.id join product p on p.id = l.product_id
         group by c.name order by 2 desc"""
for name, revenue in c.execute(sql):
    print(f"{name:>4} {revenue:8.2f}  {chr(9608) * int(revenue // 40)}")
 ann   648.00  ████████████████
 bob   639.00  ███████████████
 cat   575.50  ██████████████

-- showplan demo
set statistics xml on;
select c.name, sum(l.qty * p.price) as revenue
from customer c join orders o on o.customer_id = c.id join order_line l on l.order_id = o.id join product p on p.id = l.product_id
group by c.name
order by revenue desc;
set statistics xml off;


name
revenue


ann
648.00

bob
639.00

cat
575.50




Microsoft SQL Server 2005 XML Showplan


<ShowPlanXML xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2004/07/showplan" Version="1.599" Build="17.0.4075.5"><BatchSequence><Batch><Statements><StmtSimple StatementText="select c.name, sum(l.qty * p.price) as revenue&#xa;from customer c join orders o on o.customer_id = c.id join order_line l on l.order_id = o.id join product p on p.id = l.product_id&#xa;group by c.name&#xa;order by revenue desc" StatementId="1" StatementCompId="2" StatementType="SELECT" StatementSqlHandle="0x090077E1EF29187918E30336C3965CE4BD3C0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" DatabaseContextSettingsId="2" ParentObjectId="0" StatementParameterizationType="0" RetrievedFromCache="true" StatementSubTreeCost="0.0622467" StatementEstRows="3" SecurityPolicyApplied="false" StatementOptmLevel="FULL" QueryHash="0x542947B3667E01D0" QueryPlanHash="0x74AD953B02831BE2" StatementOptmEarlyAbortReason="GoodEnoughPlanFound" CardinalityEstimationModelVersion="170"><StatementSetOptions QUOTED_IDENTIFIER="true" ARITHABORT="true" CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL="true" ANSI_NULLS="true" ANSI_PADDING="true" ANSI_WARNINGS="true" NUMERIC_ROUNDABORT="false"></StatementSetOptions><QueryPlan DegreeOfParallelism="0" MemoryGrant="1024" NonParallelPlanReason="NoParallelPlansInDesktopOrExpressEdition" CachedPlanSize="48" CompileTime="6" CompileCPU="6" CompileMemory="536"><MemoryGrantInfo SerialRequiredMemory="640" SerialDesiredMemory="704" RequiredMemory="640" DesiredMemory="704" RequestedMemory="1024" GrantWaitTime="0" MaxQueryMemory="456856" GrantedMemory="1024" MaxUsedMemory="24"></MemoryGrantInfo><OptimizerHardwareDependentProperties EstimatedAvailableMemoryGrant="161484" EstimatedPagesCached="20185" EstimatedAvailableDegreeOfParallelism="2" MaxCompileMemory="1902400"></OptimizerHardwareDependentProperties><OptimizerStatsUsage><StatisticsInfo LastUpdate="2026-10-02T16:09:18.32" ModificationCount="0" SamplingPercent="100" Statistics="[PK__order_li__022945F69C73B587]" Table="[order_line]" Schema="[dbo]" Database="[fiddle]"></StatisticsInfo><StatisticsInfo LastUpdate="2026-10-02T16:09:18.32" ModificationCount="0" SamplingPercent="100" Statistics="[_WA_Sys_00000002_619B8048]" Table="[order_line]" Schema="[dbo]" Database="[fiddle]"></StatisticsInfo><StatisticsInfo LastUpdate="2026-10-02T16:09:18.31" ModificationCount="0" SamplingPercent="100" Statistics="[PK__customer__3213E83FAD970E2A]" Table="[customer]" Schema="[dbo]" Database="[fiddle]"></StatisticsInfo><StatisticsInfo LastUpdate="2026-10-02T16:09:17.93" ModificationCount="0" SamplingPercent="100" Statistics="[PK__orders__3213E83FDABACA21]" Table="[orders]" Schema="[dbo]" Database="[fiddle]"></StatisticsInfo><StatisticsInfo LastUpdate="2026-10-02T16:09:18.33" ModificationCount="0" SamplingPercent="100" Statistics="[_WA_Sys_00000002_5AEE82B9]" Table="[customer]" Schema="[dbo]" Database="[fiddle]"></StatisticsInfo><StatisticsInfo LastUpdate="2026-10-02T16:09:17.93" ModificationCount="0" SamplingPercent="100" Statistics="[PK__product__3213E83FB03F758B]" Table="[product]" Schema="[dbo]" Database="[fiddle]"></StatisticsInfo><StatisticsInfo LastUpdate="2026-10-02T16:09:18.32" ModificationCount="0" SamplingPercent="100" Statistics="[_WA_Sys_00000002_5EBF139D]" Table="[orders]" Schema="[dbo]" Database="[fiddle]"></StatisticsInfo></OptimizerStatsUsage><TraceFlags IsCompileTime="1"><TraceFlag Value="460" Scope="Global"></TraceFlag><TraceFlag Value="8017" Scope="Global"></TraceFlag></TraceFlags><TraceFlags IsCompileTime="0"><TraceFlag Value="460" Scope="Global"></TraceFlag><TraceFlag Value="8017" Scope="Global"></TraceFlag></TraceFlags><QueryTimeStats ElapsedTime="1" CpuTime="1"></QueryTimeStats><RelOp NodeId="0" PhysicalOp="Sort" LogicalOp="Sort" EstimateRows="3" EstimateIO="0.0112613" EstimateCPU="0.000107449" AvgRowSize="31" EstimatedTotalSubtreeCost="0.0622467" Parallel="0" EstimateRebinds="0" EstimateRewinds="0" EstimatedExecutionMode="Row"><OutputList><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[customer]" Alias="[c]" Column="name"></ColumnReference><ColumnReference Column="Expr1004"></ColumnReference></OutputList><MemoryFractions Input="0.5" Output="1"></MemoryFractions><RunTimeInformation><RunTimeCountersPerThread Thread="0" ActualRows="3" Batches="0" ActualElapsedms="0" ActualCPUms="0" ActualScans="0" ActualLogicalReads="0" ActualPhysicalReads="0" ActualReadAheads="0" ActualLobLogicalReads="0" ActualLobPhysicalReads="0" ActualLobReadAheads="0" ActualRebinds="1" ActualRewinds="0" ActualEndOfScans="1" ActualExecutions="1" InputMemoryGrant="704" OutputMemoryGrant="512" UsedMemoryGrant="16" ActualExecutionMode="Row"></RunTimeCountersPerThread></RunTimeInformation><Sort Distinct="0"><OrderBy><OrderByColumn Ascending="0"><ColumnReference Column="Expr1004"></ColumnReference></OrderByColumn></OrderBy><RelOp NodeId="1" PhysicalOp="Stream Aggregate" LogicalOp="Aggregate" EstimateRows="3" EstimateIO="0" EstimateCPU="6.39e-05" AvgRowSize="31" EstimatedTotalSubtreeCost="0.050878" Parallel="0" EstimateRebinds="0" EstimateRewinds="0" EstimatedExecutionMode="Row"><OutputList><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[customer]" Alias="[c]" Column="name"></ColumnReference><ColumnReference Column="Expr1004"></ColumnReference></OutputList><RunTimeInformation><RunTimeCountersPerThread Thread="0" ActualRows="3" Batches="0" ActualElapsedms="0" ActualCPUms="0" ActualEndOfScans="1" ActualExecutions="1" ActualExecutionMode="Row"></RunTimeCountersPerThread></RunTimeInformation><StreamAggregate><DefinedValues><DefinedValue><ColumnReference Column="Expr1004"></ColumnReference><ScalarOperator ScalarString="SUM([Expr1005]*[fiddle].[dbo].[product].[price] as [p].[price])"><Aggregate Distinct="0" AggType="SUM"><ScalarOperator><Arithmetic Operation="MULT"><ScalarOperator><Identifier><ColumnReference Column="Expr1005"></ColumnReference></Identifier></ScalarOperator><ScalarOperator><Identifier><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[product]" Alias="[p]" Column="price"></ColumnReference></Identifier></ScalarOperator></Arithmetic></ScalarOperator></Aggregate></ScalarOperator></DefinedValue></DefinedValues><GroupBy><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[customer]" Alias="[c]" Column="name"></ColumnReference></GroupBy><RelOp NodeId="2" PhysicalOp="Nested Loops" LogicalOp="Inner Join" EstimateRows="104" EstimateIO="0" EstimateCPU="0.00043472" AvgRowSize="28" EstimatedTotalSubtreeCost="0.0508141" Parallel="0" EstimateRebinds="0" EstimateRewinds="0" EstimatedExecutionMode="Row"><OutputList><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[customer]" Alias="[c]" Column="name"></ColumnReference><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[product]" Alias="[p]" Column="price"></ColumnReference><ColumnReference Column="Expr1005"></ColumnReference></OutputList><RunTimeInformation><RunTimeCountersPerThread Thread="0" ActualRows="104" Batches="0" ActualElapsedms="0" ActualCPUms="0" ActualEndOfScans="1" ActualExecutions="1" ActualExecutionMode="Row"></RunTimeCountersPerThread></RunTimeInformation><NestedLoops Optimized="0"><OuterReferences><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[order_line]" Alias="[l]" Column="product_id"></ColumnReference></OuterReferences><RelOp NodeId="3" PhysicalOp="Compute Scalar" LogicalOp="Compute Scalar" EstimateRows="104" EstimateIO="0" EstimateCPU="1.04e-05" AvgRowSize="27" EstimatedTotalSubtreeCost="0.030812" Parallel="0" EstimateRebinds="0" EstimateRewinds="0" EstimatedExecutionMode="Row"><OutputList><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[customer]" Alias="[c]" Column="name"></ColumnReference><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[order_line]" Alias="[l]" Column="product_id"></ColumnReference><ColumnReference Column="Expr1005"></ColumnReference></OutputList><ComputeScalar><DefinedValues><DefinedValue><ColumnReference Column="Expr1005"></ColumnReference><ScalarOperator ScalarString="CONVERT_IMPLICIT(decimal(10,0),[fiddle].[dbo].[order_line].[qty] as [l].[qty],0)"><Convert DataType="decimal" Precision="10" Scale="0" Style="0" Implicit="1"><ScalarOperator><Identifier><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[order_line]" Alias="[l]" Column="qty"></ColumnReference></Identifier></ScalarOperator></Convert></ScalarOperator></DefinedValue></DefinedValues><RelOp NodeId="4" PhysicalOp="Nested Loops" LogicalOp="Inner Join" EstimateRows="104" EstimateIO="0" EstimateCPU="0.00043472" AvgRowSize="22" EstimatedTotalSubtreeCost="0.0308016" Parallel="0" EstimateRebinds="0" EstimateRewinds="0" EstimatedExecutionMode="Row"><OutputList><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[customer]" Alias="[c]" Column="name"></ColumnReference><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[order_line]" Alias="[l]" Column="product_id"></ColumnReference><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[order_line]" Alias="[l]" Column="qty"></ColumnReference></OutputList><RunTimeInformation><RunTimeCountersPerThread Thread="0" ActualRows="104" Batches="0" ActualElapsedms="0" ActualCPUms="0" ActualEndOfScans="1" ActualExecutions="1" ActualExecutionMode="Row"></RunTimeCountersPerThread></RunTimeInformation><NestedLoops Optimized="0"><OuterReferences><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[orders]" Alias="[o]" Column="id"></ColumnReference></OuterReferences><RelOp NodeId="5" PhysicalOp="Nested Loops" LogicalOp="Inner Join" EstimateRows="52" EstimateIO="0" EstimateCPU="0.00065208" AvgRowSize="18" EstimatedTotalSubtreeCost="0.0189635" Parallel="0" EstimateRebinds="0" EstimateRewinds="0" EstimatedExecutionMode="Row"><OutputList><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[customer]" Alias="[c]" Column="name"></ColumnReference><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[orders]" Alias="[o]" Column="id"></ColumnReference></OutputList><RunTimeInformation><RunTimeCountersPerThread Thread="0" ActualRows="52" Batches="0" ActualElapsedms="0" ActualCPUms="0" ActualEndOfScans="1" ActualExecutions="1" ActualExecutionMode="Row"></RunTimeCountersPerThread></RunTimeInformation><NestedLoops Optimized="0"><Predicate><ScalarOperator ScalarString="[fiddle].[dbo].[orders].[customer_id] as [o].[customer_id]=[fiddle].[dbo].[customer].[id] as [c].[id]"><Compare CompareOp="EQ"><ScalarOperator><Identifier><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[orders]" Alias="[o]" Column="customer_id"></ColumnReference></Identifier></ScalarOperator><ScalarOperator><Identifier><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[customer]" Alias="[c]" Column="id"></ColumnReference></Identifier></ScalarOperator></Compare></ScalarOperator></Predicate><RelOp NodeId="6" PhysicalOp="Sort" LogicalOp="Sort" EstimateRows="3" EstimateIO="0.0112613" EstimateCPU="0.000107436" AvgRowSize="18" EstimatedTotalSubtreeCost="0.014654" Parallel="0" EstimateRebinds="0" EstimateRewinds="0" EstimatedExecutionMode="Row"><OutputList><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[customer]" Alias="[c]" Column="id"></ColumnReference><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[customer]" Alias="[c]" Column="name"></ColumnReference></OutputList><MemoryFractions Input="1" Output="0.5"></MemoryFractions><RunTimeInformation><RunTimeCountersPerThread Thread="0" ActualRows="3" Batches="0" ActualElapsedms="0" ActualCPUms="0" ActualScans="0" ActualLogicalReads="0" ActualPhysicalReads="0" ActualReadAheads="0" ActualLobLogicalReads="0" ActualLobPhysicalReads="0" ActualLobReadAheads="0" ActualRebinds="1" ActualRewinds="0" ActualEndOfScans="1" ActualExecutions="1" InputMemoryGrant="896" OutputMemoryGrant="320" UsedMemoryGrant="16" ActualExecutionMode="Row"></RunTimeCountersPerThread></RunTimeInformation><Sort Distinct="0"><OrderBy><OrderByColumn Ascending="1"><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[customer]" Alias="[c]" Column="name"></ColumnReference></OrderByColumn></OrderBy><RelOp NodeId="7" PhysicalOp="Clustered Index Scan" LogicalOp="Clustered Index Scan" EstimateRows="3" EstimatedRowsRead="3" EstimateIO="0.003125" EstimateCPU="0.0001603" AvgRowSize="18" EstimatedTotalSubtreeCost="0.0032853" TableCardinality="3" Parallel="0" EstimateRebinds="0" EstimateRewinds="0" EstimatedExecutionMode="Row"><OutputList><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[customer]" Alias="[c]" Column="id"></ColumnReference><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[customer]" Alias="[c]" Column="name"></ColumnReference></OutputList><RunTimeInformation><RunTimeCountersPerThread Thread="0" ActualRows="3" Batches="0" ActualElapsedms="0" ActualCPUms="0" ActualScans="1" ActualLogicalReads="2" ActualPhysicalReads="0" ActualReadAheads="0" ActualLobLogicalReads="0" ActualLobPhysicalReads="0" ActualLobReadAheads="0" ActualRowsRead="3" ActualEndOfScans="1" ActualExecutions="1" ActualExecutionMode="Row"></RunTimeCountersPerThread></RunTimeInformation><IndexScan Ordered="0" ForcedIndex="0" ForceScan="0" NoExpandHint="0" Storage="RowStore"><DefinedValues><DefinedValue><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[customer]" Alias="[c]" Column="id"></ColumnReference></DefinedValue><DefinedValue><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[customer]" Alias="[c]" Column="name"></ColumnReference></DefinedValue></DefinedValues><Object Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[customer]" Index="[PK__customer__3213E83FAD970E2A]" Alias="[c]" IndexKind="Clustered" Storage="RowStore"></Object></IndexScan></RelOp></Sort></RelOp><RelOp NodeId="8" PhysicalOp="Clustered Index Scan" LogicalOp="Clustered Index Scan" EstimateRows="52" EstimatedRowsRead="52" EstimateIO="0.0032035" EstimateCPU="0.0001357" AvgRowSize="15" EstimatedTotalSubtreeCost="0.0036106" TableCardinality="52" Parallel="0" EstimateRebinds="0" EstimateRewinds="2" EstimatedExecutionMode="Row"><OutputList><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[orders]" Alias="[o]" Column="id"></ColumnReference><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[orders]" Alias="[o]" Column="customer_id"></ColumnReference></OutputList><RunTimeInformation><RunTimeCountersPerThread Thread="0" ActualRows="156" Batches="0" ActualElapsedms="0" ActualCPUms="0" ActualScans="1" ActualLogicalReads="7" ActualPhysicalReads="0" ActualReadAheads="0" ActualLobLogicalReads="0" ActualLobPhysicalReads="0" ActualLobReadAheads="0" ActualRowsRead="156" ActualEndOfScans="3" ActualExecutions="3" ActualExecutionMode="Row"></RunTimeCountersPerThread></RunTimeInformation><IndexScan Ordered="0" ForcedIndex="0" ForceScan="0" NoExpandHint="0" Storage="RowStore"><DefinedValues><DefinedValue><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[orders]" Alias="[o]" Column="id"></ColumnReference></DefinedValue><DefinedValue><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[orders]" Alias="[o]" Column="customer_id"></ColumnReference></DefinedValue></DefinedValues><Object Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[orders]" Index="[PK__orders__3213E83FDABACA21]" Alias="[o]" IndexKind="Clustered" Storage="RowStore"></Object></IndexScan></RelOp></NestedLoops></RelOp><RelOp NodeId="9" PhysicalOp="Clustered Index Seek" LogicalOp="Clustered Index Seek" EstimateRows="2" EstimatedRowsRead="2" EstimateIO="0.003125" EstimateCPU="0.0001592" AvgRowSize="15" EstimatedTotalSubtreeCost="0.0114034" TableCardinality="104" Parallel="0" EstimateRebinds="51" EstimateRewinds="0" EstimatedExecutionMode="Row"><OutputList><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[order_line]" Alias="[l]" Column="product_id"></ColumnReference><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[order_line]" Alias="[l]" Column="qty"></ColumnReference></OutputList><RunTimeInformation><RunTimeCountersPerThread Thread="0" ActualRows="104" Batches="0" ActualElapsedms="0" ActualCPUms="0" ActualScans="52" ActualLogicalReads="104" ActualPhysicalReads="0" ActualReadAheads="0" ActualLobLogicalReads="0" ActualLobPhysicalReads="0" ActualLobReadAheads="0" ActualRowsRead="104" ActualEndOfScans="52" ActualExecutions="52" ActualExecutionMode="Row"></RunTimeCountersPerThread></RunTimeInformation><IndexScan Ordered="1" ScanDirection="FORWARD" ForcedIndex="0" ForceSeek="0" ForceScan="0" NoExpandHint="0" Storage="RowStore"><DefinedValues><DefinedValue><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[order_line]" Alias="[l]" Column="product_id"></ColumnReference></DefinedValue><DefinedValue><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[order_line]" Alias="[l]" Column="qty"></ColumnReference></DefinedValue></DefinedValues><Object Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[order_line]" Index="[PK__order_li__022945F69C73B587]" Alias="[l]" IndexKind="Clustered" Storage="RowStore"></Object><SeekPredicates><SeekPredicateNew><SeekKeys><Prefix ScanType="EQ"><RangeColumns><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[order_line]" Alias="[l]" Column="order_id"></ColumnReference></RangeColumns><RangeExpressions><ScalarOperator ScalarString="[fiddle].[dbo].[orders].[id] as [o].[id]"><Identifier><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[orders]" Alias="[o]" Column="id"></ColumnReference></Identifier></ScalarOperator></RangeExpressions></Prefix></SeekKeys></SeekPredicateNew></SeekPredicates></IndexScan></RelOp></NestedLoops></RelOp></ComputeScalar></RelOp><RelOp NodeId="10" PhysicalOp="Clustered Index Seek" LogicalOp="Clustered Index Seek" EstimateRows="1" EstimatedRowsRead="1" EstimateIO="0.003125" EstimateCPU="0.0001581" AvgRowSize="12" EstimatedTotalSubtreeCost="0.0195674" TableCardinality="3" Parallel="0" EstimateRebinds="65" EstimateRewinds="38" EstimatedExecutionMode="Row"><OutputList><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[product]" Alias="[p]" Column="price"></ColumnReference></OutputList><RunTimeInformation><RunTimeCountersPerThread Thread="0" ActualRows="104" Batches="0" ActualElapsedms="0" ActualCPUms="0" ActualScans="0" ActualLogicalReads="208" ActualPhysicalReads="0" ActualReadAheads="0" ActualLobLogicalReads="0" ActualLobPhysicalReads="0" ActualLobReadAheads="0" ActualRowsRead="104" ActualEndOfScans="0" ActualExecutions="104" ActualExecutionMode="Row"></RunTimeCountersPerThread></RunTimeInformation><IndexScan Ordered="1" ScanDirection="FORWARD" ForcedIndex="0" ForceSeek="0" ForceScan="0" NoExpandHint="0" Storage="RowStore"><DefinedValues><DefinedValue><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[product]" Alias="[p]" Column="price"></ColumnReference></DefinedValue></DefinedValues><Object Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[product]" Index="[PK__product__3213E83FB03F758B]" Alias="[p]" IndexKind="Clustered" Storage="RowStore"></Object><SeekPredicates><SeekPredicateNew><SeekKeys><Prefix ScanType="EQ"><RangeColumns><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[product]" Alias="[p]" Column="id"></ColumnReference></RangeColumns><RangeExpressions><ScalarOperator ScalarString="[fiddle].[dbo].[order_line].[product_id] as [l].[product_id]"><Identifier><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[order_line]" Alias="[l]" Column="product_id"></ColumnReference></Identifier></ScalarOperator></RangeExpressions></Prefix></SeekKeys></SeekPredicateNew></SeekPredicates></IndexScan></RelOp></NestedLoops></RelOp></StreamAggregate></RelOp></Sort></RelOp></QueryPlan></StmtSimple></Statements></Batch></BatchSequence></ShowPlanXML>


-- echarts demo
with
  mon as (select cast(dateadd(month, value, '2026-01-01') as date) m from generate_series(0,11))
, rev as
    ( select p.name, mon.m, coalesce(sum(l.qty*p.price),0) r
      from
        product p cross join
        mon left join
        (orders o join order_line l on l.order_id = o.id) on datetrunc(month, o.ordered_on) = mon.m and l.product_id = p.id
      group by p.name, mon.m )
select
  json_object
  ( 'tooltip': json_object('trigger':'axis')
  , 'legend': json_object()
  , 'xAxis': json_object('type':'category', 'data':json_query((select json_arrayagg(format(m,'MMM') order by m) from mon)))
  , 'yAxis': json_object('type':'value')
  , 'series': json_query((select json_arrayagg(json_object('name':name, 'type':'bar', 'stack':'revenue', 'data':json_query(data)) order by name) from (select name, json_arrayagg(r order by m) data from rev group by name) s))
  ) as [option];


option


{"tooltip":{"trigger":"axis"},"legend":{},"xAxis":{"type":"category","data":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"]},"yAxis":{"type":"value"},"series":[{"name":"gadget","type":"bar","stack":"revenue","data":[70.00,35.00,42.00,49.00,21.00,63.00,42.00,63.00,35.00,42.00,49.00,21.00]},{"name":"gizmo","type":"bar","stack":"revenue","data":[108.00,36.00,84.00,96.00,84.00,72.00,60.00,108.00,36.00,144.00,36.00,84.00]},{"name":"widget","type":"bar","stack":"revenue","data":[37.50,25.00,27.50,37.50,30.00,32.50,37.50,35.00,25.00,37.50,27.50,30.00]}]}


-- mermaid demo
select
  concat_ws
  ( char(10)
  , 'erDiagram'
  , ( select string_agg(concat('  ', t.name, ' {', char(10), x.cols, char(10), '  }'), char(10)) within group (order by t.name)
      from
        sys.tables t cross apply
        ( select string_agg(concat_ws(' ', '   ', ty.name, c.name, k.keys), char(10)) within group (order by c.column_id) cols
          from
            sys.columns c join
            sys.types ty on ty.user_type_id = c.user_type_id cross apply
            ( select
                nullif
                ( concat_ws
                  ( ', '
                  , case when exists(select * from sys.indexes i join sys.index_columns ic on ic.object_id = i.object_id and ic.index_id = i.index_id where i.is_primary_key = 1 and ic.object_id = c.object_id and ic.column_id = c.column_id) then 'PK' end
                  , case when exists(select * from sys.foreign_key_columns f where f.parent_object_id = c.object_id and f.parent_column_id = c.column_id) then 'FK' end
                  )
                , ''
                ) keys
            ) k
          where c.object_id = t.object_id
        ) x )
  , ( select string_agg(concat('  ', object_name(fk.parent_object_id), ' }o--|| ', object_name(fk.referenced_object_id), ' : "', x.cols, '"'), char(10)) within group (order by object_name(fk.parent_object_id), object_name(fk.referenced_object_id))
      from
        sys.foreign_keys fk cross apply
        (select string_agg(col_name(fkc.parent_object_id, fkc.parent_column_id), ', ') cols from sys.foreign_key_columns fkc where fkc.constraint_object_id = fk.object_id) x )
  ) as diagram;


diagram


erDiagram
  customer {
    int id PK
    varchar name
  }
  order_line {
    int order_id PK, FK
    int product_id PK, FK
    int qty
  }
  orders {
    int id PK
    int customer_id FK
    date ordered_on
  }
  product {
    int id PK
    varchar name
    decimal price
  }
  order_line }o--|| orders : "order_id"
  order_line }o--|| product : "product_id"
  orders }o--|| customer : "customer_id"