SQL Server 2017

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CREATE TABLE dimensions (
  "id" INTEGER,
  "height" INTEGER,
  "width" INTEGER,
  "length" INTEGER
);

INSERT INTO dimensions
  ("id", "height", "width", "length")
VALUES
  ('1', '10', '10', '12'),
  ('2', '10', '12', '12');
2 rows affected

CREATE TABLE orders (
  "order_number" INTEGER,
  "height" INTEGER,
  "width" INTEGER,
  "length" INTEGER,
  "dimension_id" VARCHAR(4)
);

INSERT INTO orders
  ("order_number", "height", "width", "length", "dimension_id")
VALUES
  ('1', '10', '12', '10', NULL),
  ('2', '10', '12', '12', NULL),
  ('3', '10', '12', '15', NULL),
  ('4', '12', '10', '10', NULL),
  ('4', '10', '10', '12', NULL);
5 rows affected

UPDATE  o
SET o.dimension_id = d.id  
FROM orders o INNER JOIN dimensions d ON 
  
--all match  
(d.height=o.height
AND d.width=o.width
AND d.length=o.Length)

OR

--swap width and length  
(d.height=o.height
AND d.width=o.Length
AND d.length=o.Width)

OR

--swap length and height  
(d.height=o.Length
AND d.width=o.width
AND d.length=o.Height)

OR

--swap all  
(d.height=o.Length
AND d.width=o.Height
AND d.length=o.Width)

4 rows affected

SELECT * FROM orders


order_number
height
width
length
dimension_id


1
10
12
10
1

2
10
12
12
2

3
10
12
15
null

4
12
10
10
1

4
10
10
12
1