Oracle 21c

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CREATE TABLE table_name (Vechical_NUM, Vehical_name, Period, Year, cost) AS
SELECT 1111, 'Car',   'Aug', 2022,  5000 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 1111, 'Car',   'Sep', 2022,  5100 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 1111, 'Car',   'Oct', 2022,  5300 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 1111, 'Car',   'Nov', 2022,  5000 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 1111, 'Car',   'Dec', 2022,  5000 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 1111, 'Car',   'Jan', 2023,  5000 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 1111, 'Car',   'Feb', 2023,  5000 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 1111, 'Car',   'Aug', 2023, 10000 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 1111, 'Car',   'sep', 2023, 10000 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 1111, 'Car',   'Oct', 2023, 10000 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 1111, 'Car',   'Nov', 2023, 10000 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 1111, 'Car',   'Dec', 2023, 10000 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2222, 'Truck', 'Aug', 2022, 10000 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2222, 'Truck', 'Sep', 2022, 10000 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2222, 'Truck', 'Oct', 2022, 10000 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2222, 'Truck', 'Nov', 2022, 10000 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2222, 'Truck', 'Dec', 2022, 10000 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2222, 'Truck', 'Jan', 2023, 10000 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2222, 'Truck', 'Feb', 2023, 10000 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2222, 'Truck', 'Mar', 2023, 10000 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2222, 'Truck', 'Dec', 2023,  5000 FROM DUAL;
21 rows affected

SELECT *
FROM   table_name
PIVOT (
  SUM(cost) FOR (period, year) IN (
    ('Aug', 2022) AS aug_2022,
    ('Sep', 2022) AS sep_2022,
    ('Oct', 2022) AS oct_2022,
    ('Nov', 2022) AS nov_2022,
    ('Dec', 2022) AS dec_2022,
    ('Jan', 2023) AS jan_2023,
    ('Feb', 2023) AS feb_2023,
    -- ...
    ('Dec', 2023) AS dec_2023
  )
)


VECHICAL_NUM
VEHICAL_NAME
AUG_2022
SEP_2022
OCT_2022
NOV_2022
DEC_2022
JAN_2023
FEB_2023
DEC_2023


1111
Car
5000
5100
5300
5000
5000
5000
5000
10000

2222
Truck
10000
10000
10000
10000
10000
10000
10000
5000


SELECT vechical_num,
       vehical_name,
       SUM(
         CASE
         WHEN period = TO_CHAR(ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE, -4), 'Mon', 'NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE=English')
         AND  year   = EXTRACT(YEAR FROM ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE, -4))
         THEN cost
         END
       ) AS prev_month_4,
       SUM(
         CASE
         WHEN period = TO_CHAR(ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE, -3), 'Mon', 'NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE=English')
         AND  year   = EXTRACT(YEAR FROM ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE, -3))
         THEN cost
         END
       ) AS prev_month_3,
       SUM(
         CASE
         WHEN period = TO_CHAR(ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE, -2), 'Mon', 'NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE=English')
         AND  year   = EXTRACT(YEAR FROM ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE, -2))
         THEN cost
         END
       ) AS prev_month_2,
       SUM(
         CASE
         WHEN period = TO_CHAR(ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE, -1), 'Mon', 'NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE=English')
         AND  year   = EXTRACT(YEAR FROM ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE, -1))
         THEN cost
         END
       ) AS prev_month_1,
       SUM(
         CASE
         WHEN period = TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'Mon', 'NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE=English')
         AND  year   = EXTRACT(YEAR FROM SYSDATE)
         THEN cost
         END
       ) AS current_month,
       SUM(
         CASE
         WHEN period = TO_CHAR(ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE, 1), 'Mon', 'NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE=English')
         AND  year   = EXTRACT(YEAR FROM ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE, 1))
         THEN cost
         END
       ) AS next_month_1
FROM   table_name
GROUP BY
       vechical_num,
       vehical_name;


VECHICAL_NUM
VEHICAL_NAME
PREV_MONTH_4
PREV_MONTH_3
PREV_MONTH_2
PREV_MONTH_1
CURRENT_MONTH
NEXT_MONTH_1


1111
Car
5000
5100
5300
5000
5000
5000

2222
Truck
10000
10000
10000
10000
10000
10000
VECHICAL_NUM	VEHICAL_NAME	AUG_2022	SEP_2022	OCT_2022	NOV_2022	DEC_2022	JAN_2023	FEB_2023	DEC_2023
1111	Car	5000	5100	5300	5000	5000	5000	5000	10000
2222	Truck	10000	10000	10000	10000	10000	10000	10000	5000