SQL Server 2022

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ID	Date	Value
1	2023-01-17	Bad
1	2023-01-17	Good
1	2023-01-18	Enough
1	2023-01-17	Good
1	2023-03-15	Bad
1	2023-03-20	Good
2	2023-01-10	Bad
2	2023-01-19	Enough
2	2023-02-25	Bad
2	2023-03-11	Bad
3	2022-12-20	Good
3	2023-03-13	Good
3	2023-03-29	Enough

WITH lastvalues AS (
    SELECT DISTINCT ID, 
                    FIRST_VALUE([Date])  OVER(PARTITION BY [ID], MONTH([Date]) 
                                              ORDER     BY [Date] DESC       ) AS [Date],
                    FIRST_VALUE([Value]) OVER(PARTITION BY [ID], MONTH([Date]) 
                                              ORDER     BY [Date] DESC       ) AS [Value],
                    MONTH([Date]) AS monthdate
    FROM tab 
), dates AS (
    SELECT ids.ID,
           EOMONTH(DATEADD(MONTH, value, '2022-12-01')) AS [Date],
           MONTH(DATEADD(MONTH, value, '2022-12-01')) AS monthdate
    FROM       GENERATE_SERIES(0, 3)
    CROSS JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT ID FROM tab) ids
), alldates AS (
    SELECT dates.ID, 
           COALESCE(cte.[Date], dates.[Date]) AS [Date],
           cte.[Value],
           COUNT([Value]) OVER(PARTITION BY dates.ID ORDER BY dates.[Date]) AS parts
    FROM      dates
    LEFT JOIN lastvalues cte
           ON dates.monthdate = cte.monthdate AND dates.id = cte.id
)
SELECT ID, 
       [Date],
       MAX([Value]) OVER(PARTITION BY ID, parts) AS [Value]
FROM alldates

ID	Date	Value
1	2022-12-31	null
1	2023-01-18	Enough
1	2023-02-28	Enough
1	2023-03-20	Good
2	2022-12-31	null
2	2023-01-19	Enough
2	2023-02-25	Bad
2	2023-03-11	Bad
3	2022-12-20	Good
3	2023-01-31	Good
3	2023-02-28	Good
3	2023-03-29	Enough

Warning: Null value is eliminated by an aggregate or other SET operation.