SQL Server 2019

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CREATE TABLE dbo.YourTable (ID int IDENTITY,
                            InvoiceDate date);
INSERT INTO dbo.YourTable (InvoiceDate)
VALUES ('20220701'),
       ('20210914');
2 rows affected

SELECT *
FROM dbo.YourTable;


ID
InvoiceDate


1
2022-07-01

2
2021-09-14


CREATE TRIGGER dbo.YourTrigger_ins ON dbo.YourTable
AFTER INSERT AS
BEGIN
    IF EXISTS (SELECT 1
               FROM inserted
               WHERE InvoiceDate < '20220101')
       THROW 50001, N'An error was thrown in the trigger ''dbo.YourTrigger_ins'' on the table ''dbo.YourTable''. A row where the invoice date is prior to 2022-01-01 cannot be inserted.', 16;
END;
CREATE TRIGGER dbo.YourTrigger_upd ON dbo.YourTable
AFTER UPDATE AS
BEGIN
    IF EXISTS (SELECT 1
               FROM deleted
               WHERE InvoiceDate < '20220101')
       THROW 50002, N'An error was thrown in the trigger ''dbo.YourTrigger_upd'' on the table ''dbo.YourTable''. A row where the invoice date is prior to 2022-01-01 cannot be updated.', 16;
    IF EXISTS (SELECT 1
               FROM inserted
               WHERE InvoiceDate < '20220101')
       THROW 50003, N'An error was thrown in the trigger ''dbo.YourTrigger_upd'' on the table ''dbo.YourTable''. The value of the invoice date cannot be updated to be prior to 2022-01-01 .', 16;
END;
--Fails
INSERT INTO dbo.YourTable (InvoiceDate)
VALUES ('20210412');
Msg 50001 Level 16 State 16 Line 7
An error was thrown in the trigger 'dbo.YourTrigger_ins' on the table 'dbo.YourTable'. A row where the invoice date is prior to 2022-01-01 cannot be inserted.

--Success
INSERT INTO dbo.YourTable (InvoiceDate)
VALUES ('20220412');
1 rows affected

--Fails
UPDATE dbo.YourTable
SET InvoiceDate = '20221212'
WHERE ID = 2;
Msg 50002 Level 16 State 16 Line 7
An error was thrown in the trigger 'dbo.YourTrigger_upd' on the table 'dbo.YourTable'. A row where the invoice date is prior to 2022-01-01 cannot be updated.

--Fails
UPDATE dbo.YourTable
SET InvoiceDate = '20211212'
WHERE ID = 1;
Msg 50003 Level 16 State 16 Line 11
An error was thrown in the trigger 'dbo.YourTrigger_upd' on the table 'dbo.YourTable'. The value of the invoice date cannot be updated to be prior to 2022-01-01 .

--Success
UPDATE dbo.YourTable
SET InvoiceDate = '20221212'
WHERE ID = 1;
1 rows affected

SELECT *
FROM dbo.YourTable;


ID
InvoiceDate


1
2022-12-12

2
2021-09-14

4
2022-04-12


DROP TABLE dbo.YourTable;