Oracle 21c

By using db<>fiddle, you agree to license everything you submit by Creative Commons CC0.

CREATE TABLE table_name (
  value CLOB CHECK (value IS JSON)
);
INSERT INTO table_name (value)
  SELECT '[{"id": 21, "nombre": "fisica"}, {"id": 16, "nombre": "auditiva"}]' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT '[{"id": 16, "nombre": "auditiva"}]' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT '[{"id": 4, "nombre": "intelectual"}, {"id": 21, "nombre": "fisica"}]' FROM DUAL;
3 rows affected

SELECT *
FROM   table_name 
ORDER BY JSON_VALUE(value, '$[0].nombre');


VALUE


[{"id": 16, "nombre": "auditiva"}]

[{"id": 21, "nombre": "fisica"}, {"id": 16, "nombre": "auditiva"}]

[{"id": 4, "nombre": "intelectual"}, {"id": 21, "nombre": "fisica"}]