SQL Server 2022

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CREATE TABLE t (id int IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY);
SET STATISTICS XML ON;
SELECT *,
  CASE WHEN EXISTS (SELECT 1
    FROM t t2
    WHERE t2.id = t1.id + 1) THEN 1 END
FROM t t1;

id
(No column name)

Microsoft SQL Server 2005 XML Showplan

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NUMERIC_ROUNDABORT="false"></StatementSetOptions><QueryPlan DegreeOfParallelism="0" NonParallelPlanReason="NoParallelPlansInDesktopOrExpressEdition" CachedPlanSize="24" CompileTime="15" CompileCPU="0" CompileMemory="184"><MemoryGrantInfo SerialRequiredMemory="0" SerialDesiredMemory="0" GrantedMemory="0" MaxUsedMemory="0"></MemoryGrantInfo><OptimizerHardwareDependentProperties EstimatedAvailableMemoryGrant="1258238" EstimatedPagesCached="78639" EstimatedAvailableDegreeOfParallelism="1" MaxCompileMemory="2218408"></OptimizerHardwareDependentProperties><TraceFlags IsCompileTime="1"><TraceFlag Value="460" Scope="Global"></TraceFlag><TraceFlag Value="8017" Scope="Global"></TraceFlag></TraceFlags><TraceFlags IsCompileTime="0"><TraceFlag Value="460" Scope="Global"></TraceFlag><TraceFlag Value="8017" Scope="Global"></TraceFlag></TraceFlags><QueryTimeStats ElapsedTime="0" CpuTime="0"></QueryTimeStats><RelOp NodeId="0" PhysicalOp="Compute Scalar" LogicalOp="Compute Scalar" EstimateRows="1" EstimateIO="0" EstimateCPU="1e-07" AvgRowSize="15" EstimatedTotalSubtreeCost="0.00657048" Parallel="0" EstimateRebinds="0" EstimateRewinds="0" EstimatedExecutionMode="Row"><OutputList><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle_9f3d5cefc5cc466392fc566577617b10]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[t]" Alias="[t1]" Column="id"></ColumnReference><ColumnReference Column="Expr1003"></ColumnReference></OutputList><ComputeScalar><DefinedValues><DefinedValue><ColumnReference Column="Expr1003"></ColumnReference><ScalarOperator ScalarString="CASE WHEN [Expr1004] THEN (1) ELSE NULL END"><IF><Condition><ScalarOperator><Identifier><ColumnReference Column="Expr1004"></ColumnReference></Identifier></ScalarOperator></Condition><Then><ScalarOperator><Const ConstValue="(1)"></Const></ScalarOperator></Then><Else><ScalarOperator><Const ConstValue="NULL"></Const></ScalarOperator></Else></IF></ScalarOperator></DefinedValue></DefinedValues><RelOp NodeId="1" PhysicalOp="Nested Loops" LogicalOp="Left Semi Join" EstimateRows="1" EstimateIO="0" EstimateCPU="4.18e-06" AvgRowSize="12" EstimatedTotalSubtreeCost="0.00657038" Parallel="0" EstimateRebinds="0" EstimateRewinds="0" EstimatedExecutionMode="Row"><OutputList><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle_9f3d5cefc5cc466392fc566577617b10]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[t]" Alias="[t1]" Column="id"></ColumnReference><ColumnReference Column="Expr1004"></ColumnReference></OutputList><RunTimeInformation><RunTimeCountersPerThread Thread="0" ActualRows="0" Batches="0" ActualElapsedms="0" ActualCPUms="0" ActualEndOfScans="1" ActualExecutions="1" ActualExecutionMode="Row"></RunTimeCountersPerThread></RunTimeInformation><NestedLoops Optimized="0"><DefinedValues><DefinedValue><ColumnReference Column="Expr1004"></ColumnReference></DefinedValue></DefinedValues><OuterReferences><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle_9f3d5cefc5cc466392fc566577617b10]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[t]" Alias="[t1]" Column="id"></ColumnReference></OuterReferences><ProbeColumn><ColumnReference Column="Expr1004"></ColumnReference></ProbeColumn><RelOp NodeId="2" PhysicalOp="Clustered Index Scan" LogicalOp="Clustered Index Scan" EstimateRows="1" EstimatedRowsRead="1" EstimateIO="0.003125" EstimateCPU="0.0001581" AvgRowSize="11" EstimatedTotalSubtreeCost="0.0032831" TableCardinality="0" Parallel="0" EstimateRebinds="0" EstimateRewinds="0" EstimatedExecutionMode="Row"><OutputList><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle_9f3d5cefc5cc466392fc566577617b10]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[t]" Alias="[t1]" Column="id"></ColumnReference></OutputList><RunTimeInformation><RunTimeCountersPerThread Thread="0" ActualRows="0" Batches="0" ActualElapsedms="0" ActualCPUms="0" ActualScans="1" ActualLogicalReads="0" ActualPhysicalReads="0" ActualReadAheads="0" ActualLobLogicalReads="0" ActualLobPhysicalReads="0" ActualLobReadAheads="0" ActualEndOfScans="1" ActualExecutions="1" ActualExecutionMode="Row"></RunTimeCountersPerThread></RunTimeInformation><IndexScan Ordered="0" ForcedIndex="0" ForceScan="0" NoExpandHint="0" Storage="RowStore"><DefinedValues><DefinedValue><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle_9f3d5cefc5cc466392fc566577617b10]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[t]" Alias="[t1]" Column="id"></ColumnReference></DefinedValue></DefinedValues><Object Database="[fiddle_9f3d5cefc5cc466392fc566577617b10]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[t]" Index="[PK__t__3213E83F1B75AA5E]" Alias="[t1]" IndexKind="Clustered" Storage="RowStore"></Object></IndexScan></RelOp><RelOp NodeId="3" PhysicalOp="Clustered Index Seek" LogicalOp="Clustered Index Seek" EstimateRows="1" EstimatedRowsRead="1" EstimateIO="0.003125" EstimateCPU="0.0001581" AvgRowSize="9" EstimatedTotalSubtreeCost="0.0032831" TableCardinality="0" Parallel="0" EstimateRebinds="0" EstimateRewinds="0" EstimatedExecutionMode="Row"><OutputList></OutputList><RunTimeInformation><RunTimeCountersPerThread Thread="0" ActualRows="0" Batches="0" ActualElapsedms="0" ActualCPUms="0" ActualScans="0" ActualLogicalReads="0" ActualPhysicalReads="0" ActualReadAheads="0" ActualLobLogicalReads="0" ActualLobPhysicalReads="0" ActualLobReadAheads="0" ActualEndOfScans="0" ActualExecutions="0" ActualExecutionMode="Row"></RunTimeCountersPerThread></RunTimeInformation><IndexScan Ordered="1" ScanDirection="FORWARD" ForcedIndex="0" ForceSeek="0" ForceScan="0" NoExpandHint="0" Storage="RowStore"><DefinedValues></DefinedValues><Object Database="[fiddle_9f3d5cefc5cc466392fc566577617b10]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[t]" Index="[PK__t__3213E83F1B75AA5E]" Alias="[t2]" IndexKind="Clustered" Storage="RowStore"></Object><SeekPredicates><SeekPredicateNew><SeekKeys><Prefix ScanType="EQ"><RangeColumns><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle_9f3d5cefc5cc466392fc566577617b10]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[t]" Alias="[t2]" Column="id"></ColumnReference></RangeColumns><RangeExpressions><ScalarOperator ScalarString="[fiddle_9f3d5cefc5cc466392fc566577617b10].[dbo].[t].[id] as [t1].[id]+(1)"><Arithmetic Operation="ADD"><ScalarOperator><Identifier><ColumnReference Database="[fiddle_9f3d5cefc5cc466392fc566577617b10]" Schema="[dbo]" Table="[t]" Alias="[t1]" Column="id"></ColumnReference></Identifier></ScalarOperator><ScalarOperator><Const ConstValue="(1)"></Const></ScalarOperator></Arithmetic></ScalarOperator></RangeExpressions></Prefix></SeekKeys></SeekPredicateNew></SeekPredicates></IndexScan></RelOp></NestedLoops></RelOp></ComputeScalar></RelOp></QueryPlan></StmtSimple></Statements></Batch></BatchSequence></ShowPlanXML>