MySQL 8.0

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CREATE TABLE `rg` ( `name` text, 
                    `zip` text,
                    `Year` bigint,
                    `r` double,
                    `geom` GEOMETRY
                  );
INSERT INTO `rg` (name, zip, Year, r, geom) 
VALUES 
('AB, NM', '87105', '2014', '10', ST_GeomFromText('POINT (35.066062 -106.700005)')),
('AB, NM', '87105', '2015', '20', ST_GeomFromText('POINT (35.067912 -106.700884)')),
('AB, NM', '87105', '2017', '30', ST_GeomFromText('POINT (35.067912 -106.700884)'))
SELECT
  name, 
  zip, 
  year,
  ST_AsText(geom) AS geom,
  r
FROM rg


name
zip
year
geom
r


AB, NM
87105
2014
POINT(35.066062 -106.700005)
10

AB, NM
87105
2015
POINT(35.067912 -106.700884)
20

AB, NM
87105
2017
POINT(35.067912 -106.700884)
30


WITH CTE AS (SELECT name, zip, geom, r, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY year DESC) AS RN FROM rg)
SELECT
  a.name, 
  a.zip, 
  ST_AsText(a.geom) AS geom,
  CONCAT(ROUND((a.r-b.r)/b.r * 100), '%') AS 'difference'
FROM CTE
INNER JOIN (CTE AS a)
    ON (a.name = CTE.name 
        AND a.zip = CTE.zip 
        AND a.RN = 1)
INNER JOIN (CTE as b)
    ON (b.name = CTE.name 
        AND b.zip = CTE.zip 
        AND b.RN = 2)
LIMIT 1


name
zip
geom
difference


AB, NM
87105
POINT(35.067912 -106.700884)
50%

name	zip	year	geom	r
AB, NM	87105	2014	POINT(35.066062 -106.700005)	10
AB, NM	87105	2015	POINT(35.067912 -106.700884)	20
AB, NM	87105	2017	POINT(35.067912 -106.700884)	30