SQL Server 2019

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CREATE TABLE YourTable
    ([ID] varchar(3), [Cases] varchar(5), [Time1] int, [Time2] int, [Time3] int, [Time4] int, [Time5] int, [Time6] int, [Time7] int, [Time8] int, [Time9] int)
;
    
INSERT INTO YourTable
    ([ID], [Cases], [Time1], [Time2], [Time3], [Time4], [Time5], [Time6], [Time7], [Time8], [Time9])
VALUES
    ('ID1', 'Case1', 8, 0, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4),
    ('ID1', 'Case2', 2, 1, 0, 0, 8, 4, 2, 1, 0),
    ('ID1', 'Case3', 5, 4, 0, 7, 6, 5, 4, 0, 7),
    ('ID1', 'Case4', 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0),
    ('ID1', 'Case5', 4, 0, 0, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4),
    ('ID1', 'Case6', 0, 6, 0, 0, 6, 0, 0, 6, 0)
;

WITH Grouped As
(
SELECT [ID], 
      MAX(CASE WHEN [Time2] = 0 THEN FORMAT([Time3],'D10') + [Cases] END) AS TC3, 
      MAX(CASE WHEN [Time3] = 0 THEN FORMAT([Time4],'D10') + [Cases] END) AS TC4, 
      MAX(CASE WHEN [Time4] = 0 THEN FORMAT([Time5],'D10') + [Cases] END) AS TC5, 
      MAX(CASE WHEN [Time5] = 0 THEN FORMAT([Time6],'D10') + [Cases] END) AS TC6, 
      MAX(CASE WHEN [Time6] = 0 THEN FORMAT([Time7],'D10') + [Cases] END) AS TC7, 
      MAX(CASE WHEN [Time7] = 0 THEN FORMAT([Time8],'D10') + [Cases] END) AS TC8, 
      MAX(CASE WHEN [Time8] = 0 THEN FORMAT([Time9],'D10') + [Cases] END) AS TC9
FROM YourTable
GROUP BY [ID]
)
SELECT [ID], 
       Time3 = 0+LEFT(TC3,10),
       Cases3 = SUBSTRING(TC3,11,8000),
	   Time4 = 0+LEFT(TC4,10),
       Cases4 = SUBSTRING(TC4,11,8000),
	   Time5 = 0+LEFT(TC5,10),
       Cases5 = SUBSTRING(TC5,11,8000),
	   Time6 = 0+LEFT(TC6,10),
       Cases6 = SUBSTRING(TC6,11,8000),
	   Time7 = 0+LEFT(TC7,10),
       Cases7 = SUBSTRING(TC7,11,8000),
	   Time8 = 0+LEFT(TC8,10),
       Cases8 = SUBSTRING(TC8,11,8000),
	   Time9 = 0+LEFT(TC9,10),
       Cases9 = SUBSTRING(TC9,11,8000)
FROM Grouped

ID	Time3	Cases3	Time4	Cases4	Time5	Cases5	Time6	Cases6	Time7	Cases7	Time8	Cases8	Time9	Cases9
ID1	10	Case1	9	Case5	8	Case2	5	Case4	0	Case6	6	Case6	7	Case3

Warning: Null value is eliminated by an aggregate or other SET operation.