SQL Server 2017

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declare @OriginalStr nvarchar(max);
set @OriginalStr = N'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog';

declare @ColumnLen int = 35;

declare @parts table 
(
  part_id int identity(1,1) primary key,
  part_content nvarchar(max)
);

declare @lines table 
(
  line_id int primary key,
  line_content nvarchar(max)
);

-- splitting the string on the spaces
insert into @parts (part_content)
select value
from string_split(@OriginalStr, ' ') spl

-- glueing the parts back together
insert into @lines (line_id, line_content)
select 
 lineNr,
 string_agg(part_content, ' ') as line
from
(
  select part_content
  , floor(1.0*(sum(len(part_content)+1) 
               over (order by part_id))/(@ColumnLen-1))+1 as lineNr
  from @parts 
) q
group by lineNr;

-- pivoting the lines
select
ceiling((line_id-0.1)/5) as [Level],
max(case when line_id%5 = 1 then line_content end) as Val1,
max(case when line_id%5 = 2 then line_content end) as Val2,
max(case when line_id%5 = 3 then line_content end) as Val3,
max(case when line_id%5 = 4 then line_content end) as Val4,
max(case when line_id%5 = 0 then line_content end) as Val5
from @lines l
group by ceiling((line_id-0.1)/5)
order by [Level];

Level	Val1	Val2	Val3	Val4	Val5
1	The quick brown fox jumps over	the lazy dog. The quick brown fox	jumps over the lazy dog. The quick	brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.	The quick brown fox jumps over
2	the lazy dog. The quick brown fox	jumps over the lazy dog	null	null	null

Warning: Null value is eliminated by an aggregate or other SET operation.