SQL Server 2017

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CREATE TABLE [Transaction](
   ID   INTEGER  NOT NULL 
  ,[Date] VARCHAR(5) NOT NULL
);
INSERT INTO [Transaction] VALUES (1,'11-01');
INSERT INTO [Transaction] VALUES (2,'11-01');
INSERT INTO [Transaction] VALUES (3,'11-02');
INSERT INTO [Transaction] VALUES (4,'11-10');
INSERT INTO [Transaction] VALUES (5,'11-12');
5 rows affected

CREATE TABLE Product(
   ID   INTEGER  NOT NULL 
  ,Name VARCHAR(3) NOT NULL
);
INSERT INTO Product(ID,Name) VALUES (100,'ABC');
INSERT INTO Product(ID,Name) VALUES (101,'CDE');
INSERT INTO Product(ID,Name) VALUES (102,'DEF');
3 rows affected

select 
    t.id,
    t.date,
    (select top 1 id from product order by newid()) product
from [Transaction] t


id
date
product


1
11-01
101

2
11-01
101

3
11-02
101

4
11-10
101

5
11-12
101


select id, date, product
from (
select 
    t.id,
    t.date,
    p.id product,
    row_number() over(partition by t.id, t.date order by newid()) rn
from [Transaction] t
cross join Product p
) t
where rn = 1


id
date
product


1
11-01
100

2
11-01
101

3
11-02
100

4
11-10
102

5
11-12
101