SQL Server 2017

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create table timetest
(
businesskey int,
timevalue1 int,
timevalue2 int,
timevalue3 int
);
insert into timetest
values
(5,131,134,137),
(5,131,138,135),
(5,131,140,135),
(5,143,141,145),
(5,149,141,148),
(5,150,141,148),

(6,134,137,140),
(6,134,141,138),
(6,134,143,138),
(6,146,144,148),
(6,152,144,151),
(6,153,144,151);
12 rows affected

with  
cte1 (businesskey,timevalue1,timevalue2,timevalue3,rn) as (
select businesskey,timevalue1,timevalue2,timevalue3,
       row_number() over (partition by businesskey order by timevalue1,timevalue2,timevalue3) rn
from timetest
),
cte2 (businesskey,timevalue1,timevalue2,timevalue3,rn,timevalue0) as (
select businesskey,timevalue1,timevalue2,timevalue3,rn,timevalue1
from cte1
where rn=1
union all
select t2.businesskey,t2.timevalue1,t2.timevalue2,t2.timevalue3,t2.rn,
       case when t2.timevalue1>t1.timevalue0 then t2.timevalue1 else 2147483647 end
from cte2 t1
inner join cte1 t2 on t1.businesskey=t2.businesskey
		  and t1.rn+1=t2.rn
union all
select t2.businesskey,t2.timevalue1,t2.timevalue2,t2.timevalue3,t2.rn,
       case when t2.timevalue2>t1.timevalue0 then t2.timevalue2 else 2147483647 end
from cte2 t1
inner join cte1 t2 on t1.businesskey=t2.businesskey
		  and t1.rn+1=t2.rn
union all
select t2.businesskey,t2.timevalue1,t2.timevalue2,t2.timevalue3,t2.rn,
       case when t2.timevalue3>t1.timevalue0 then t2.timevalue3 else 2147483647 end
from cte2 t1
inner join cte1 t2 on t1.businesskey=t2.businesskey
		  and t1.rn+1=t2.rn
)
select businesskey,timevalue1,timevalue2,timevalue3,rn,min(timevalue0) timevalue0 
from cte2 
group by businesskey,timevalue1,timevalue2,timevalue3,rn
order by 1,5;


businesskey
timevalue1
timevalue2
timevalue3
rn
timevalue0


5
131
134
137
1
131

5
131
138
135
2
135

5
131
140
135
3
140

5
143
141
145
4
141

5
149
141
148
5
148

5
150
141
148
6
150

6
134
137
140
1
134

6
134
141
138
2
138

6
134
143
138
3
143

6
146
144
148
4
144

6
152
144
151
5
151

6
153
144
151
6
153

businesskey	timevalue1	timevalue2	timevalue3	rn	timevalue0
5	131	134	137	1	131
5	131	138	135	2	135
5	131	140	135	3	140
5	143	141	145	4	141
5	149	141	148	5	148
5	150	141	148	6	150
6	134	137	140	1	134
6	134	141	138	2	138
6	134	143	138	3	143
6	146	144	148	4	144
6	152	144	151	5	151
6	153	144	151	6	153

businesskey	timevalue1	timevalue2	timevalue3	rn	timevalue0
5	131	134	137	1	131
5	131	138	135	2	135
5	131	140	135	3	140
5	143	141	145	4	141
5	149	141	148	5	148
5	150	141	148	6	150
6	134	137	140	1	134
6	134	141	138	2	138
6	134	143	138	3	143
6	146	144	148	4	144
6	152	144	151	5	151
6	153	144	151	6	153

businesskey	timevalue1	timevalue2	timevalue3	rn	timevalue0
5	131	134	137	1	131
5	131	138	135	2	135
5	131	140	135	3	140
5	143	141	145	4	141
5	149	141	148	5	148
5	150	141	148	6	150
6	134	137	140	1	134
6	134	141	138	2	138
6	134	143	138	3	143
6	146	144	148	4	144
6	152	144	151	5	151
6	153	144	151	6	153