SQL Server 2017

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declare @TabelWithBarcodes table (id int primary key identity(1,1), barcode varchar(20) not null, unique (barcode));

insert into @TabelWithBarcodes (barcode) values
('2-2-3'),('A2-2-2'),('A2-2-1'),('A2-10-3'),('A2-10-2'),('A2-10-1'),('A2-1-3'),('A2-1-2'),('A2-1-1'),
('A10-2-3'),('A10-2-2'),('A10-2-10'),('A10-1-3'),('AA10-A111-2'),('A10-1-1'),
('A1-7'),('A1-2-3'),('A1-2-12'),('A1-2-1'),('A1-1-3'),('B1-1-2'),('A1-1-1'),('A1'),('A10-10-1'),('A12-10-1'), ('AB1-2-E1') ;

with cte as 
 (
   select barcode,
      replace(BarCode, '-', '.') 
      + replicate('.0', 3 - (len(BarCode)-len(replace(BarCode, '-', '')))) as x
from @TabelWithBarcodes
 )
select * 
from cte
order by
  substring(parsename(x,4), 1, patindex('%[0-9]%',parsename(x,4))-1)
  ,cast(substring(parsename(x,4), patindex('%[0-9]%',parsename(x,4)), 10) as int)
  ,substring(parsename(x,3), 1, patindex('%[0-9]%',parsename(x,3))-1)
  ,cast(substring(parsename(x,3), patindex('%[0-9]%',parsename(x,3)), 10) as int)
  ,substring(parsename(x,2), 1, patindex('%[0-9]%',parsename(x,2))-1)
  ,cast(substring(parsename(x,2), patindex('%[0-9]%',parsename(x,2)), 10) as int)
  ,substring(parsename(x,1), 1, patindex('%[0-9]%',parsename(x,1))-1)
  ,cast(substring(parsename(x,1), patindex('%[0-9]%',parsename(x,1)), 10) as int)

barcode	x
2-2-3	2.2.3.0
A1	A1.0.0.0
A1-1-1	A1.1.1.0
A1-1-3	A1.1.3.0
A1-2-1	A1.2.1.0
A1-2-3	A1.2.3.0
A1-2-12	A1.2.12.0
A1-7	A1.7.0.0
A2-1-1	A2.1.1.0
A2-1-2	A2.1.2.0
A2-1-3	A2.1.3.0
A2-2-1	A2.2.1.0
A2-2-2	A2.2.2.0
A2-10-1	A2.10.1.0
A2-10-2	A2.10.2.0
A2-10-3	A2.10.3.0
A10-1-1	A10.1.1.0
A10-1-3	A10.1.3.0
A10-2-2	A10.2.2.0
A10-2-3	A10.2.3.0
A10-2-10	A10.2.10.0
A10-10-1	A10.10.1.0
A12-10-1	A12.10.1.0
AA10-A111-2	AA10.A111.2.0
AB1-2-E1	AB1.2.E1.0
B1-1-2	B1.1.2.0