SQL Server 2017

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select * into temp 
from (
    select 1 as id, 1 as num union all
    select 2,  1  union all
    select 3,  1  union all
    select 4,  2  union all
    select 5,  1  union all
    select 6,  2  union all
    select 7,  2  union all
    select 8,  4  union all
    select 9,  4  union all
    select 10, 4 
) as abc
select * from temp


id
num


1
1

2
1

3
1

4
2

5
1

6
2

7
2

8
4

9
4

10
4


select num,
      lead(seqnum, 1, cnt + 1) over (order by id) - seqnum
from (select t.*,
             lag(num) over (order by id) as prev_num,
             row_number() over (order by id) as seqnum,
             count(*) over () as cnt
      from temp t
     ) t
where prev_num is null or prev_num <> num
order by id


num
(No column name)


1
3

2
1

1
1

2
2

4
3


select num,
      lead(id, 1, max_id + 1) over (order by id) - id
from (select t.*,
             lag(num) over (order by id) as prev_num,
             max(id) over () as max_id
      from temp t
     ) t
where prev_num is null or prev_num <> num
order by id


num
(No column name)


1
3

2
1

1
1

2
2

4
3