SQL Server 2017

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CREATE TABLE Test (
  id INT,
  name VARCHAR(100),
  diff BIT
);
CREATE VIEW ViewTest AS
  SELECT name, id, 'A' AS other FROM Test;
WITH ColumnsCTE (TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME) AS
(
  SELECT TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME 
  FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 
  WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'Test'
  UNION ALL
  SELECT TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME 
  FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
  WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'ViewTest'
)

-- get the different columns of the tables / views.
SELECT t1.TABLE_NAME, t1.COLUMN_NAME AS [COLUMN_NAME 1], ISNULL(t2.COLUMN_NAME, 'missing on other table / view') AS [COLUMN_NAME 2]
FROM ColumnsCTE AS t1 LEFT JOIN ColumnsCTE AS t2 ON t1.COLUMN_NAME = t2.COLUMN_NAME AND t1.TABLE_NAME <> t2.TABLE_NAME
WHERE t2.COLUMN_NAME IS NULL


TABLE_NAME
COLUMN_NAME 1
COLUMN_NAME 2


Test
diff
missing on other table / view

ViewTest
other
missing on other table / view

TABLE_NAME	COLUMN_NAME 1	COLUMN_NAME 2
Test	diff	missing on other table / view
ViewTest	other	missing on other table / view