SQLite 3.27

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CREATE TABLE items (`id` INTEGER, 
                    `item_name` VARCHAR(6),
                    `parent_id` INTEGER, 
                    `list_order` INTEGER);
✓
INSERT INTO items (`id`, `item_name`, `parent_id`, `list_order`) VALUES

('1',    'Pois',     '0',      '4'),
('2',    'Então',    '0',      '5'),
('3',    'Teste',    '0',      '3'),
('11',   'Teste 3',  '3',      '2'),
('12',   'Teste 2',  '3',      '0'),
('13',   'Teste 1',  '3',      '1'),
('4',    'Fundo',    '0',      '2'),
('7',    'Profundo', '4',      '1'),
('8',    'Dhdhd',    '4',      '0'),
('9',    'Gagagaga', '8',      '1'),
('10',   'Fsfsfsfs', '8',      '0'),
('5',    'Profundo ','0',      '1'),
('6',    'Gigante',  '0',      '6'),
('14',   'Teste',    '0',      '0');
✓
/*      Desired output:

   id      name_item   parent_id  level  path_index list_order
---------------------------------------------------------------
   14       Teste          0          0     1           0
   5        Profundo       0          0     2           1
   4        Fundo          0          0     3           2
   8        Dhdhd          4          1     3.1         0
   10       Fsfsfsfs       8          2     3.1.1       0
   9        Gagagaga       8          2     3.1.2       1
   7        Profundo       4          1     3.2         1
   3        Teste          0          0     4           3
   12       Teste 2        3          1     4.1         0
   13       Teste 1        3          1     4.2         1
   11       Teste 3        3          1     4.3         2
   1        Pois           0          0     5           4
   2        Então          0          0     6           5
   6        Gigante        0          0     7           6
*/

{}


WITH
printf_format AS ( SELECT '%0' || LENGTH(MAX(list_order)) || 'd' AS format
                   FROM items ),
cte AS ( SELECT items.*, printf(printf_format.format, list_order) as ord
         FROM items
         CROSS JOIN printf_format
         WHERE parent_id = 0
       UNION ALL
         SELECT items.*, cte.ord || printf(printf_format.format, items.list_order)
         FROM items
         JOIN cte ON cte.id = items.parent_id
         CROSS JOIN printf_format )
SELECT * 
FROM cte
ORDER BY ord


id
item_name
parent_id
list_order
ord


14
Teste
0
0
0

5
Profundo
0
1
1

4
Fundo
0
2
2

8
Dhdhd
4
0
20

10
Fsfsfsfs
8
0
200

9
Gagagaga
8
1
201

7
Profundo
4
1
21

3
Teste
0
3
3

12
Teste 2
3
0
30

13
Teste 1
3
1
31

11
Teste 3
3
2
32

1
Pois
0
4
4

2
Então
0
5
5

6
Gigante
0
6
6

id	item_name	parent_id	list_order	ord
14	Teste	0	0	0
5	Profundo	0	1	1
4	Fundo	0	2	2
8	Dhdhd	4	0	20
10	Fsfsfsfs	8	0	200
9	Gagagaga	8	1	201
7	Profundo	4	1	21
3	Teste	0	3	3
12	Teste 2	3	0	30
13	Teste 1	3	1	31
11	Teste 3	3	2	32
1	Pois	0	4	4
2	Então	0	5	5
6	Gigante	0	6	6