SQLite 3.27

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CREATE TABLE items (`id` INTEGER, 
                    `item_name` VARCHAR(6),
                    `parent_id` INTEGER, 
                    `list_order` INTEGER);
INSERT INTO items (`id`, `item_name`, `parent_id`, `list_order`) VALUES

('1',    'Pois',     '0',      '4'),
('2',    'Então',    '0',      '5'),
('3',    'Teste',    '0',      '3'),
('11',   'Teste 3',  '3',      '2'),
('12',   'Teste 2',  '3',      '0'),
('13',   'Teste 1',  '3',      '1'),
('4',    'Fundo',    '0',      '2'),
('7',    'Profundo', '4',      '1'),
('8',    'Dhdhd',    '4',      '0'),
('9',    'Gagagaga', '8',      '1'),
('10',   'Fsfsfsfs', '8',      '0'),
('5',    'Profundo ','0',      '1'),
('6',    'Gigante',  '0',      '6'),
('14',   'Teste',    '0',      '0');
/*      Desired output:

   id      name_item   parent_id  level  path_index list_order
---------------------------------------------------------------
   14       Teste          0          0     1           0
   5        Profundo       0          0     2           1
   4        Fundo          0          0     3           2
   8        Dhdhd          4          1     3.1         0
   10       Fsfsfsfs       8          2     3.1.1       0
   9        Gagagaga       8          2     3.1.2       1
   7        Profundo       4          1     3.2         1
   3        Teste          0          0     4           3
   12       Teste 2        3          1     4.1         0
   13       Teste 1        3          1     4.2         1
   11       Teste 3        3          1     4.3         2
   1        Pois           0          0     5           4
   2        Então          0          0     6           5
   6        Gigante        0          0     7           6
*/
not an error

WITH
cte AS ( SELECT *, printf('%04d', list_order) as ord
         FROM items
         WHERE parent_id = 0
       UNION ALL
         SELECT items.*, cte.ord || printf('%04d', items.list_order)
         FROM items
         JOIN cte ON cte.id = items.parent_id )
SELECT * 
FROM cte
ORDER BY ord


id
item_name
parent_id
list_order
ord


14
Teste
0
0
0000

5
Profundo
0
1
0001

4
Fundo
0
2
0002

8
Dhdhd
4
0
00020000

10
Fsfsfsfs
8
0
000200000000

9
Gagagaga
8
1
000200000001

7
Profundo
4
1
00020001

3
Teste
0
3
0003

12
Teste 2
3
0
00030000

13
Teste 1
3
1
00030001

11
Teste 3
3
2
00030002

1
Pois
0
4
0004

2
Então
0
5
0005

6
Gigante
0
6
0006

id	item_name	parent_id	list_order	ord
14	Teste	0	0	0000
5	Profundo	0	1	0001
4	Fundo	0	2	0002
8	Dhdhd	4	0	00020000
10	Fsfsfsfs	8	0	000200000000
9	Gagagaga	8	1	000200000001
7	Profundo	4	1	00020001
3	Teste	0	3	0003
12	Teste 2	3	0	00030000
13	Teste 1	3	1	00030001
11	Teste 3	3	2	00030002
1	Pois	0	4	0004
2	Então	0	5	0005
6	Gigante	0	6	0006