MySQL 8.0

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create table t as
    select '11.01.2019' as date

Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

select * from t

date

11.01.2019

update t
    set date = str_to_date(date, '%m.%d.%Y')

Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

select * from t

date

2019-11-01

alter table t modify column date date

Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

select * from t

date

2019-11-01