MySQL 8.0

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create table t as
     select 'x' as job_name, date('2021-01-20') as created_on, 'fail' as result union all
     select 'y' as job_name, date('2021-01-01') as created_on, 'success' as result union all
     select 'y' as job_name, date('2021-01-02') as created_on, 'success' as result union all
     select 'x' as job_name, date('2021-01-22') as created_on, 'fail' as result union all
     select 'z' as job_name, date('2021-03-15') as created_on, 'fail' as result union all
     select 'z' as job_name, date('2021-03-11') as created_on, 'success' as result union all
     select 'z' as job_name, date('2021-03-16') as created_on, 'fail' as result union all
     select 'x' as job_name, date('2021-01-18') as created_on, 'fail' as result union all
     select 'z' as job_name, date('2021-01-03') as created_on, 'fail' as result union all
     select 'x' as job_name, date('2021-01-19') as created_on, 'success' as result

Records: 10  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0


select t.*
from t
where t.created_on > all (select t2.created_on
                          from t t2
                          where t2.job_name = t.job_name and
                                t2.result <> 'fail'
                         );


job_name
created_on
result


x
2021-01-20
fail

x
2021-01-22
fail

z
2021-03-15
fail

z
2021-03-16
fail


select t.*
from (select t.*,
             max(case when result = 'success' then created_on end) over (partition by job_name) as max_success_created_on
      from t
     ) t
where created_on > max_success_created_on or max_success_created_on is null


job_name
created_on
result
max_success_created_on


x
2021-01-20
fail
2021-01-19

x
2021-01-22
fail
2021-01-19

z
2021-03-15
fail
2021-03-11

z
2021-03-16
fail
2021-03-11

job_name	created_on	result
x	2021-01-20	fail
x	2021-01-22	fail
z	2021-03-15	fail
z	2021-03-16	fail

job_name	created_on	result	max_success_created_on
x	2021-01-20	fail	2021-01-19
x	2021-01-22	fail	2021-01-19
z	2021-03-15	fail	2021-03-11
z	2021-03-16	fail	2021-03-11