MySQL 5.7

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select version();

version()

5.7.33

create table table1 (data_col varchar(50));

insert into table1 values 
("Realdata"),("Firsttest"),
("testSecond"),("onetesttwo"),
("exceptiontestunique"),("legitdata");
SELECT * FROM table1
WHERE (data_col NOT LIKE '%test%' 
            OR data_col='exceptiontestunique');

data_col

Realdata

exceptiontestunique

legitdata

SELECT * FROM table1
 WHERE data_col NOT LIKE 'test%' 
   AND data_col NOT LIKE '%test';

data_col

Realdata

onetesttwo

exceptiontestunique

legitdata