MySQL 5.7

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CREATE TABLE patterns (pattern VARCHAR(16));
INSERT INTO patterns VALUES ('ABC4*'), ('RDTU22*');
SELECT * FROM patterns;


pattern


ABC4*

RDTU22*


CREATE TABLE values_to_check (val VARCHAR(255));
INSERT INTO values_to_check VALUES ('ABC41'), ('ABC49'), ('RDTU225'), ('RDTU229');
SELECT * FROM values_to_check;


val


ABC41

ABC49

RDTU225

RDTU229


SELECT values_to_check.val, patterns.pattern
FROM values_to_check
JOIN patterns ON values_to_check.val LIKE REPLACE(patterns.pattern, '*', '%');


val
pattern


ABC41
ABC4*

ABC49
ABC4*

RDTU225
RDTU22*

RDTU229
RDTU22*


SELECT values_to_check.val, patterns.pattern, 
       values_to_check.val LIKE REPLACE(patterns.pattern, '*', '%') does_they_match
FROM values_to_check
JOIN patterns;


val
pattern
does_they_match


ABC41
ABC4*
1

ABC41
RDTU22*
0

ABC49
ABC4*
1

ABC49
RDTU22*
0

RDTU225
ABC4*
0

RDTU225
RDTU22*
1

RDTU229
ABC4*
0

RDTU229
RDTU22*
1

val	pattern	does_they_match
ABC41	ABC4*	1
ABC41	RDTU22*	0
ABC49	ABC4*	1
ABC49	RDTU22*	0
RDTU225	ABC4*	0
RDTU225	RDTU22*	1
RDTU229	ABC4*	0
RDTU229	RDTU22*	1