MariaDB 10.5

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create table sizes (
    size varchar(20) primary key
);
insert into sizes values
    ('x-small'),
    ('small'),
    ('medium'),
    ('large'),
    ('x-large')
;

Records: 5  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0


create table data (
    name varchar(40) primary key,
    size varchar(20) not null references sizes(size)
);
insert into data(name) values('foo');

Field 'size' doesn't have a default value


insert into data(name, size) values('foo', 'small');
insert into data(name, size) values('bar', 'baz');

Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails (`fiddle`.`data`, CONSTRAINT `data_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`size`) REFERENCES `sizes` (`size`))