SQL Server 2017

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create table Test (
 id int identity(1,1) primary key,
 col nvarchar(100)
);
insert into Test (col) values
('abc/def/ghi/jkl/mno'),
('s/t/u/f/f'),
('w/h/y'),
(null);
4 rows affected

SELECT id, 
 s1 AS [CompanyName], 
 s2 AS [Location],
 s3 AS [Cost Center],
 s4 AS [Department],
 s5 AS [Job]
FROM Test t
OUTER APPLY
(
    SELECT s1, s2, s3, s4, s5
    FROM (VALUES (col+'/')) q(s0)
    CROSS APPLY (select case when charindex('/',s0)>0 then left(s0, charindex('/',s0)-1) end s1, case when charindex('/',s0)>0 then charindex('/',s0) end p1) a1
    CROSS APPLY (select case when p1>0 and charindex('/',s0,p1+1)>0 then substring(s0, p1+1, charindex('/',s0,p1+1)-p1-1) end s2, case when p1>0 then charindex('/',s0,p1+1) end p2) a2
    CROSS APPLY (select case when p2>0 and charindex('/',s0,p2+1)>0 then substring(s0, p2+1, charindex('/',s0,p2+1)-p2-1) end s3, case when p2>0 then charindex('/',s0,p2+1) end p3) a3
    CROSS APPLY (select case when p3>0 and charindex('/',s0,p3+1)>0 then substring(s0, p3+1, charindex('/',s0,p3+1)-p3-1) end s4, case when p3>0 then charindex('/',s0,p3+1) end p4) a4
    CROSS APPLY (select case when p4>0 and charindex('/',s0,p4+1)>0 then substring(s0, p4+1, charindex('/',s0,p4+1)-p4-1) end s5) a5
) a;


id
CompanyName
Location
Cost Center
Department
Job


1
abc
def
ghi
jkl
mno

2
s
t
u
f
f

3
w
h
y
null
null

4
null
null
null
null
null


select id,
 [1] AS [CompanyName], 
 [2] AS [Location],
 [3] AS [Cost Center],
 [4] AS [Department],
 [5] AS [Job]
from Test t
outer apply (
   select *
   from
   (
     select value
     , row_number() over (order by (select 0)) n
     from string_split(t.col,'/') s
   ) src
   pivot (
     max(value) 
     for n in ([1],[2],[3],[4],[5])
  ) pvt
) a;


id
CompanyName
Location
Cost Center
Department
Job


1
abc
def
ghi
jkl
mno

2
s
t
u
f
f

3
w
h
y
null
null

4
null
null
null
null
null


select id,
 s1 AS [CompanyName], 
 s2 AS [Location],
 s3 AS [Cost Center],
 s4 AS [Department],
 s5 AS [Job]
from Test t
outer apply (
   select 
     s1 = x0.value('/x[1]','nvarchar(max)')
   , s2 = x0.value('/x[2]','nvarchar(max)')
   , s3 = x0.value('/x[3]','nvarchar(max)')
   , s4 = x0.value('/x[4]','nvarchar(max)')
   , s5 = x0.value('/x[5]','nvarchar(max)')
   from 
   (
       select 
       cast(('<x>'+ replace(col,'/','</x><x>') +'</x>') as xml) x0
   ) q
) a;


id
CompanyName
Location
Cost Center
Department
Job


1
abc
def
ghi
jkl
mno

2
s
t
u
f
f

3
w
h
y
null
null

4
null
null
null
null
null
id	CompanyName	Location	Cost Center	Department	Job
1	abc	def	ghi	jkl	mno
2	s	t	u	f	f
3	w	h	y	null	null
4	null	null	null	null	null