MySQL 8.0

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CREATE TABLE test (fruit VARCHAR(16))
SELECT 'apple' fruit UNION ALL
SELECT 'banana' UNION ALL
SELECT 'Apple';
SELECT * FROM test;

fruit

apple

banana

Apple

SELECT DISTINCT fruit FROM test;

fruit

apple

banana

SELECT DISTINCT fruit COLLATE 'utf8mb4_0900_as_cs' FROM test;

fruit COLLATE 'utf8mb4_0900_as_cs'

apple

banana

Apple