Oracle 21c

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ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS';
CREATE TABLE table_name ("DATE", ExpDate, ID) AS
SELECT DATE '2022-01-01', DATE '2022-01-02', 1 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT DATE '2022-01-01', DATE '2022-01-03', 2 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT DATE '2022-01-02', DATE '2022-01-03', 3 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT DATE '2022-01-02', DATE '2022-01-04', 4 FROM DUAL;
4 rows affected

SELECT "DATE", ExpDate, ID
FROM   (
  SELECT t.*,
         RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY "DATE" ORDER BY ExpDate - "DATE") AS rnk
  FROM   table_name t
) t
WHERE  rnk = 1;


DATE
EXPDATE
ID


2022-01-01 00:00:00
2022-01-02 00:00:00
1

2022-01-02 00:00:00
2022-01-03 00:00:00
3

DATE	EXPDATE	ID
2022-01-01 00:00:00	2022-01-02 00:00:00	1
2022-01-02 00:00:00	2022-01-03 00:00:00	3