Oracle 18c

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CREATE TABLE DA_TBL(
    DATA_ID  VARCHAR2(50),
    REF_DESC VARCHAR2(50),
    DATE_L DATE NOT NULL,
    ID_TOPIC  VARCHAR2(50),
    ID_DATE NUMBER
);

INSERT all 
INTO DA_TBL  VALUES  ('1','sample 1',CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 'local', 1)
INTO DA_TBL  VALUES  ('2','sample 2',CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 'tradition', 2)
INTO DA_TBL  VALUES  ('3','sample 2',CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 'gospel', 3)
INTO DA_TBL  VALUES  ('4','sample 4',CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 'local', 4)
INTO DA_TBL  VALUES  ('5','sample 5',CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 'gospel', 5)
INTO DA_TBL  VALUES  ('6','sample 6',CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 'tradition', 6)
INTO DA_TBL  VALUES  ('7','sample 7',CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 'gospel', 7)
INTO DA_TBL  VALUES  ('8','sample 8',CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 'local', 8)
INTO DA_TBL  VALUES  ('9','sample 9',CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 'tradition', 9)
INTO DA_TBL  VALUES  ('10','sample 10',CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 'local', 10)
INTO DA_TBL  VALUES  ('11','sample 11',CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 'gospel', 11)
SELECT * FROM dual;
11 rows affected

SELECT *
FROM (SELECT DATA_ID, REF_DESC, ID_TOPIC ,
             ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY ID_TOPIC ORDER BY ID_DATE DESC) AS rownumber
      FROM  DA_TBL
     )
WHERE rownumber = 1
ORDER BY TO_NUMBER(DATA_ID) DESC


DATA_ID
REF_DESC
ID_TOPIC
ROWNUMBER


11
sample 11
gospel
1

10
sample 10
local
1

9
sample 9
tradition
1