MySQL 8.0

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CREATE TABLE tablename(ID int, Name varchar(50), Status int);
INSERT INTO tablename(ID, Name, Status) VALUES
  (1, 'name1', 0), (2, 'name2', 0), (3, 'name3', 0);
CREATE TRIGGER trg_before_update
BEFORE UPDATE
ON tablename FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
  IF OLD.Status = -1 THEN
    SIGNAL SQLSTATE '45000' 
    SET MESSAGE_TEXT = 'The row can''t be updated because the status is -1';
  END IF;
END;
UPDATE tablename SET Status = -1 WHERE id = 1;
SELECT * FROM tablename;


ID
Name
Status


1
name1
-1

2
name2
0

3
name3
0


UPDATE tablename SET Status = 2 WHERE id = 1;
The row can't be updated because the status is -1

SELECT * FROM tablename;


ID
Name
Status


1
name1
-1

2
name2
0

3
name3
0