MySQL 8.0

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CREATE TABLE prova (`it` VARCHAR(20), `en` VARCHAR(20), `de` VARCHAR(20));
INSERT INTO prova (`it`, `en`, `de`) VALUES
  ('data', 'data', null),
  ('riga', 'row', 'linie'),
  ('parola', null, null);

Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0


WITH cte(id, word) AS (VALUES
  ROW(1, 'data'), ROW(2, 'riga'), ROW(3, 'ciao'), ROW(4, 'parola')
)
SELECT COALESCE(p.en, 'not found') en,
       COALESCE(p.de, 'not found') de
FROM cte c LEFT JOIN prova p
ON p.it = c.word
ORDER BY c.id;


en
de


data
not found

row
linie

not found
not found

not found
not found