Postgres 11

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drop table if exists my_table;
create table my_table(json_col jsonb);
insert into my_table(json_col) values
('["Naso-pharyngé", "K", "4th", "5th", "6th", "7th", "8th"]'),
('["Pre-K", "K", "1st", "2nd", "3rd", "4th", "Naso-pharyngé"]'),
('["Pre-K", "K", "1st", "2nd", "3rd", "4th", "pouet"]');

DROP TABLE

CREATE TABLE

INSERT 0 3

SELECT json_col from my_table

json_col

["Naso-pharyngé", "K", "4th", "5th", "6th", "7th", "8th"]

["Pre-K", "K", "1st", "2nd", "3rd", "4th", "Naso-pharyngé"]

["Pre-K", "K", "1st", "2nd", "3rd", "4th", "pouet"]

SELECT 3

update my_table set json_col=((json_col - 'Naso-pharyngé')||'["Respiratoire dont naso-pharyngé"]') where json_col  ?| array['Naso-pharyngé']

UPDATE 2

select *
from my_table;

json_col

["Pre-K", "K", "1st", "2nd", "3rd", "4th", "pouet"]

["K", "4th", "5th", "6th", "7th", "8th", "Respiratoire dont naso-pharyngé"]

["Pre-K", "K", "1st", "2nd", "3rd", "4th", "Respiratoire dont naso-pharyngé"]

SELECT 3