Postgres 13

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CREATE TABLE users (id int, data jsonb);
INSERT INTO users VALUES
  (1, '{"property_a": "a1", "property_b": "b1"}')
, (2, '{"property_a": "a2", "property_b": "b2"}');

CREATE TABLE

INSERT 0 2

CREATE INDEX foo_idx ON users ((data->>'property_a'), (data->>'property_b'));

SELECT *
FROM   users
WHERE  data->>'property_a' = 'b2' OR
       data->>'property_b' = 'b2';

CREATE INDEX

id
data

2
{"property_a": "a2", "property_b": "b2"}

SELECT 1

CREATE INDEX bar_idx ON users USING gin (data jsonb_path_ops);

SELECT *
FROM   users
WHERE  data @> '{"property_a": "b2"}' OR
       data @> '{"property_b": "b2"}';

CREATE INDEX

id
data

2
{"property_a": "a2", "property_b": "b2"}

SELECT 1

-- no index support
SELECT *
FROM   users
WHERE  jsonb '"b2"' = ANY (SELECT (jsonb_each(data)).value);

id
data

2
{"property_a": "a2", "property_b": "b2"}

SELECT 1