Oracle 18c

By using db<>fiddle, you agree to license everything you submit by Creative Commons CC0.

create table departments(
  title varchar2(100)
);
insert into departments values('HR');
1 rows affected

Insert into departments values('IT');
1 rows affected

create or replace procedure select_from_department(
  col_name in varchar2,
  c_res      out sys_refcursor
) 
is
  l_sql varchar2(300);
begin
  l_sql := 'select ' || dbms_assert.simple_sql_name(col_name) || ' from departments';
  open c_res for l_sql ;
end;
/
declare
  l_res sys_refcursor;
  l_data varchar2(255);
begin
  select_from_department('Title', l_res);
  loop
    fetch l_res into l_data;
    exit when l_res%notfound;
    dbms_output.put_line(l_data);
  end loop;
end;
/
1 rows affected

dbms_output:
HR
IT