SQL Server 2019 (Linux)

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CREATE TABLE table_name (DATE DATE, ExpDate DATE, ID NUMERIC);
INSERT INTO table_name (DATE, expdate, id)
SELECT '2022-01-01', '2022-01-02', 1 UNION ALL
SELECT '2022-01-01', '2022-01-03', 2 UNION ALL
SELECT '2022-01-02', '2022-01-03', 3 UNION ALL
SELECT '2022-01-02', '2022-01-04', 4;
4 rows affected

SELECT "DATE", ExpDate, ID
FROM   (
  SELECT t.*,
         RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY "DATE" ORDER BY DATEDIFF(dd, Date, ExpDate)) AS rnk
  FROM   table_name t
) t
WHERE  rnk = 1;


DATE
ExpDate
ID


2022-01-01
2022-01-02
1

2022-01-02
2022-01-03
3