SQLite 3.27

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CREATE TABLE table_name (`vocab` VARCHAR(6), `phonetictranscription_bre` VARCHAR(5), `phonetictranscription_ame` VARCHAR(6));
✓
INSERT INTO table_name (`vocab`, `phonetictranscription_bre`, `phonetictranscription_ame`) VALUES
  ('little', 'ˈlɪtl', 'ˈlɪtəl'),
  ('settle', 'ˈsɛtl', 'ˈsɛtəl');
✓
WITH cte(vocab) AS (VALUES
 ('little'), ('better'), ('pretty'), ('matter'), ('letter'), ('committee'), 
 ('pattern'), ('battle'), ('attitude'), ('settle'), ('bottom') 
)
UPDATE table_name AS t
SET phonetictranscription_ame = REPLACE(t.phonetictranscription_ame, 't', 'd')
WHERE t.vocab IN cte;
✓
SELECT * FROM table_name;


vocab
phonetictranscription_bre
phonetictranscription_ame


little
ˈlɪtl
ˈlɪdəl

settle
ˈsɛtl
ˈsɛdəl