Oracle 18c

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create table t (id, string1, string2) as
    select 1, '100,101,201',     '1,2,3,4'  from dual union all
    select 2, '100,103,201,202', '1,4,9,10' from dual union all
    select 3, '101,102,200',     '1,3,4'    from dual;
3 rows affected

create or replace type numtab is table of int
-- или с доступной "из коробки"  
select * from mdsys.sdo_numtab (1,2,3)


COLUMN_VALUE


1

2

3


with 
function toNumTab (str varchar2) return numtab is
    pos int := 1; len int := 0; 
    r numtab := numtab ();
begin <<split>> loop
        len := instr (str||',', ',', pos);
        exit split when len = 0;
        r.extend; r(r.last) := to_number (substr (str, pos, len-pos));
        pos := len+1; 
    end loop;
    return r;
end;
args (arg1, arg2) as (
    select numtab (100, 201), numtab (1, 4) from dual 
)  
select id
from t, args
where args.arg1 submultiset of toNumTab (string1) and
      args.arg2 submultiset of toNumTab (string2)


ID


1

2


with 
t1 (id, nt1, nt2) as (
    select id, 
        (select cast (collect (to_number (column_value)) as numtab) 
            from xmlTable (string1)),
        (select cast (collect (to_number (column_value)) as numtab) 
            from xmlTable (string2))
    from t
    ),
args (arg1, arg2) as (
    select numtab (100, 201), numtab (1, 4)
    from dual 
)  
select id 
from t1, args
where arg1 submultiset of t1.nt1 and
      arg2 submultiset of t1.nt2


ID


1

2